Causes and Prevention of Cotton Leggy

Cotton plants experiencing excessive growth of stems, branches, and leaves, along with an imbalance between vegetative and reproductive growth, are referred to as "vegetative overgrowth" or "excessive vegetative growth." After the formation of cotton buds, both vegetative and reproductive growth occur simultaneously. However, if vegetative growth becomes too vigorous and suppresses reproductive development, it can lead to bud drop, and in severe cases, no flowering at all. This issue is often caused by over-application of fertilizers, especially nitrogen, and excessive irrigation. The period from bud formation to the beginning of flowering is a critical phase for nutrient uptake in cotton. When too much nitrogen is available, it disrupts the balance between carbon and nitrogen metabolism, leading to rapid vegetative growth. In the Yellow River Basin, where cotton is widely grown, excessive nitrogen application during the budding stage, combined with early rain or irrigation, can easily trigger this overgrowth problem. To manage this condition effectively, proper fertilization and irrigation practices are essential. It is recommended to apply base fertilizer under plastic film, and foliar feeding should generally be avoided. In high-yield cotton fields with medium to high fertility, no additional fertilizer is needed during the budding stage. All types of cotton fields should receive a flower-bell fertilizer application. During the seedling stage, irrigation should be limited unless necessary, and the first irrigation should be delayed until the budding stage to encourage stronger root development. Deep cultivation is another effective method. By cutting part of the root system, it helps slow down the rapid growth of the plant. If leggy growth is observed from the budding stage to the early flowering stage, deep cultivation (12–16 cm) near the roots can help control growth quickly and effectively. Chemical control using dinocyclan is also a proven strategy. The first application should take place during the budding stage, with a dosage of 0.3 to 0.8 grams per mu. Throughout the growing season, 3 to 4 applications may be necessary, following the principle of "light before heavy." Adjustments should be made based on the specific variety and local weather conditions. Pruning is another technique that can help. When cotton plants show excessive elongation, removing some of the main stems and leaves can help reduce vegetative growth and promote better fruiting. These methods, when used together, can significantly improve the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth, leading to healthier plants and higher yields.

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