In the process of constructing a new solar greenhouse, a significant amount of soil is removed, particularly the nutrient-rich topsoil that has been cultivated for years. This removal, combined with mechanical operations during construction, leads to the gradual destruction of the soil structure, turning it into a compacted and unstructured condition. For successful vegetable cultivation, the soil needs to have high organic matter (between 4% and 6%), a moderate sandy texture, good crumb structure, a deep soil layer, an appropriate pH level, and a loose, well-aerated composition. Therefore, it's essential to focus on soil improvement in newly built greenhouses through proper cultivation and increasing the organic content.
1. Soil Cultivation: Deep tilling helps to turn over the plow layer and surface soil, loosening and breaking up the soil while leveling it. This process deepens the plow layer, enhances soil structure, and balances factors like water, nutrients, air, and temperature within the soil. By cultivating, the soil becomes more porous, increasing both total porosity and non-capillary pores, which improves aeration and water retention. The previously compacted, unstructured soil is turned over, allowing better-structured soil to be reintroduced, restoring the natural soil layer and aggregate structure.
2. Combining Farming with Organic Manure: Since most of the organic-rich topsoil is removed during construction, the main challenge in the new greenhouse is to increase the organic matter content. Organic matter provides essential nutrients for crops, improves nutrient availability, enhances soil physical and chemical properties, and boosts fertility and buffering capacity. It’s best to use organic fertilizers rich in lignin and cellulose, such as cow dung, sheep manure, and crop straw. The recommended application rate is about 500 to 10,000 kilograms per mu. However, fertilizers like chicken or pig manure, which are high in available nutrients but break down quickly, should be avoided. These types of manures contain less lignin and cellulose, offering limited benefits for humus formation in the soil.
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