In the process of constructing a new solar greenhouse, a significant amount of soil is typically removed, especially the nutrient-rich topsoil that has been cultivated for years. This removal, combined with heavy machinery used during construction, leads to soil compaction and a loss of its natural structure. For successful vegetable cultivation, the soil needs to have high organic matter (between 4% and 6%), a balanced texture, good crumb structure, deep soil layers, appropriate pH levels, and a loose, well-aerated composition. Therefore, it's essential to focus on soil improvement after construction to make it suitable for growing vegetables through proper soil management and increasing organic content.
1. Soil Cultivation: Deep plowing and turning the soil helps to loosen the top layer, break up compacted areas, and level the ground. This process deepens the plow layer, enhances soil structure, and improves the balance of water, nutrients, air, and heat within the soil. By loosening the soil, we increase total porosity and non-capillary pores, which in turn improves aeration and water retention. The unstructured, compacted soil caused by mechanical pressure can be turned over and restored to a more stable and structured condition, helping to rebuild the soil’s natural aggregates.
2. Combining Farming with Organic Manure: Since most of the fertile topsoil is removed during construction, one of the main challenges is boosting the organic matter content in the soil. Organic matter provides essential nutrients, enhances nutrient availability, improves soil physical and chemical properties, and increases fertility and buffering capacity. It is best to use organic fertilizers rich in lignin and cellulose, such as cow dung, sheep manure, or crop straw. A recommended application rate is about 5,000 to 10,000 kilograms per mu. However, fast-degrading fertilizers like chicken or pig manure should be avoided, as they contain less lignin and cellulose and contribute little to long-term humus formation.
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