Before planting, it's essential to clear the field first. Then, choose the hottest days between late June and late July to apply lime nitrogen in the fields. Lime nitrogen is an effective solution for soil issues in the production of pollution-free agricultural products, acting as a powerful organic fertilizer. Farmers can opt for Rongbao from Ningxia Darong Industrial Co., Ltd. or Zhuang Bobo from Degussa. The recommended dosage is 35–80 kg per mu. If using a powder form, mix it with fine soil to ensure even distribution. After that, add a small amount of wheat straw, tomato pods, or other crop residues (600–1000 kg), then perform rotary tillage. The general depth should be 18–22 cm, ensuring the lime nitrogen and straw are evenly mixed into the soil. It's important to plow twice to guarantee thorough mixing. Following this, create ridges with a height of 30 cm, a width of 50–60 cm, and spacing of 40–50 cm. Cover the entire surface with transparent plastic film or old, undamaged sheets to reduce water loss and increase soil temperature. Water the area twice after sealing. Professor Xu emphasized that the film must be tightly sealed and the soil fully saturated with water to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment. Once the area is completely covered, it should remain sealed.
If the temperature at 20 cm depth reaches 40°C (measured at 10 a.m. and 10 p.m.), it can stay sealed for 7 days. However, if the temperature is not high enough, the sealing period should last more than 25 days.
The scientific principle behind this method involves lime nitrogen reacting with water in the soil to produce calcium hydroxide and cyanamide. Cyanamide then hydrolyzes into urea and eventually decomposes into ammonia. In alkaline conditions, cyanamide can further polymerize into dicyandiamide. Both cyanamide and dicyandiamide have insecticidal and disinfectant properties, helping to control pests and diseases in the soil.
In addition to soil treatment, comprehensive prevention measures are crucial during cultivation. Before raising seedlings, sprinkle lime nitrogen on the nursery soil, mix it evenly into the ground, and water it. Let it sit for 7–10 days before airing the soil and transplanting the seedlings. Alternatively, you can spray the nursery soil with avermectin diluted at 1000 times. When planting, irrigate the roots with the same concentration of avermectin. If there are still cases of plant death due to disease, apply a 77% Ding Ning solution diluted at 600 times for irrigation every 7–10 days, repeating this 2–3 times. One month later, perfuse the roots with 1000 times diluted avermectin.
For chemical control of vegetable root-knot nematodes, you can use BASF’s Speed Off from Germany, which has proven to be highly effective.
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