Before planting, it's essential to clear the field of any residual crops. Then, choose the hottest days—typically from late June to late July—to apply lime nitrogen in the fields. Lime nitrogen is an effective solution for addressing soil exhaustion and pollution issues in the production of safe, chemical-free agricultural products. It acts as a powerful organic fertilizer. Farmers can opt for "Rongbao" from Ningxia Darong Industrial Co., Ltd. or "Zhuang Bobo" from Degussa. The recommended dosage is 35–80 kg per mu. If using the powder form, mix it with fine soil to ensure even distribution. After that, add a small amount of wheat straw, tomato stalks, or similar plant residues (600–1000 kg), then perform rotary tilling. The general tillage depth should be between 18–22 cm, ensuring that both the lime nitrogen and straw are evenly incorporated into the soil. It’s important to plow twice for thorough mixing. Next, create ridges with a height of 30 cm, a width of 50–60 cm, and spacing of 40–50 cm. Cover the soil surface completely with transparent plastic film or old, undamaged plastic to minimize water loss and increase soil temperature. Re-irrigate the field twice. Professor Xu emphasized that the film must be tightly sealed and the soil thoroughly watered to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment. Once sealed, the area should remain closed. If the temperature at 20 cm depth reaches 40°C (measured at 10 a.m. and 10 p.m.), the treatment can last for 7 days. However, if this temperature isn't reached, the soil should remain covered for more than 25 days.
The science behind this method lies in the reaction of lime nitrogen with water in the soil, forming calcium hydroxide and cyanamide. Cyanamide then hydrolyzes into urea and eventually breaks down into ammonia. In alkaline soils, cyanamide can further polymerize into dicyandiamide. Both compounds have insecticidal and disinfectant properties, making them effective for soil sterilization and pest control.
In addition to this treatment, comprehensive prevention measures are necessary during cultivation. Before transplanting seedlings, sprinkle lime nitrogen on the nursery soil, mix it evenly into the ground, water it, and let it sit for 7–10 days before ventilating and transplanting. Alternatively, you can spray the nursery soil with 1000 times diluted avermectin. When planting, irrigate the roots with 1000 times diluted avermectin. If there are still cases of root rot or wilt disease, apply 77% Ding Ning diluted 600 times every 7–10 days, repeating the irrigation 2–3 times. One month later, perfuse the roots with 1000 times diluted avermectin.
For controlling vegetable root-knot nematodes, chemical agents like "Speed Off" from Germany's BASF company are highly effective. This product offers excellent results and is widely used by farmers for its reliability and efficiency.
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