Zuojin Village, Suliu Village, Xiajin County: This year, we have a lot of fruit failures in the big arch shelters, and the melons and fetuses are not right (right), which seriously affects the commodity nature. What are the reasons for this? What should I do?
Xiajin County Vegetable Bureau Wang Deming, Yang Defeng: Watermelon native to tropical South Africa, it grows like high temperature, dry and sufficient light, especially flowering fruit setting period (flowering of female flowers to fruit hair removal) under the appropriate temperature conditions of 25-30 °C need 4 - 6 days, this time strict environmental conditions, otherwise it will cause melon.
First, the cause of bad fruit:
1, lack of light. Watermelon is the most needed light in the melon vegetable crops. If there is insufficient low-temperature light, it will cause organ development, plant growth potential weakened, and due to malnutrition caused by melon, this phenomenon often occurs in early spring cultivation.
2, no pollination. Watermelon is dioecious and insect-like flowers. In early spring, there is a lack of insect pollination within the large arch shed, so it must be timely pollinated, otherwise it is easy to cause melon.
3, lack of water. During the flowering period, if the water content is insufficient, the development of obstructed female flower ovaries will also affect the melons.
4, nitrogen fertilizer is more. During the growth of watermelons, especially during the flowering period, more nitrogen fertilizers can cause vegetative growth and reproductive growth inhibition. The growth of stems and leaves consumes large amounts of nutrients, and the nutrients supply to flowers and fruits is relatively reduced, and young melons will fall off due to insufficient nutrition.
5, the density is too large. Planting density, lack of light, excessive nutrition growth, affecting reproductive growth, easy to sit melon.
6, high temperature and humidity. Protected cultivation environment often has high temperature and high humidity, this condition is conducive to vegetative growth, so that plants grow too rich, causing mad long, not easy to sit melon.
7, pests and diseases. Damage to young fruits due to pests and diseases can also cause melons.
Second, improve fruit set rate measures:
1, increase the light. Watermelon is a hi-light crop with low seed setting rate under low temperature and low light. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the light intensity to increase the fruit setting rate. For example, in the protective cover cultivation, the shed film can be opened as far as possible or the covering can be reduced. The drip-free membrane or the water droplets in the membrane can be cleaned to allow the watermelon plants to receive as much light as possible.
2, a reasonable close planting to ensure good ventilation and light transmission. The planting density of watermelon is not shaded from each other, and the principle of favorable ventilation is as follows: 800-1000 strains per mu for early-maturing varieties and 500-800 strains per mu for medium-late-maturing varieties.
3, control the appropriate temperature. The optimum temperature for the watermelon fruit set is 25°C, and the minimum limit is 18°C. Otherwise, the fruit setting rate is low and it is easy to produce deformed fruit. Therefore, measures should be taken to make the watermelon in the fruiting period in the environment of 25°C, cultivate in protected areas in early spring, and increase the temperature in the flowering period, but prevent high temperature and high humidity.
4. Coordinate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Excessive growth of stems and leaves or too weak growth can easily lead to flowering and melon. Therefore, do not apply partial nitrogen fertilizer, flowering results should control the fertilizer and water, so as not to prosperous. If madness phenomenon occurs, the sprained stem vine should be promptly used to twist the stem and vine before the fruit-setting node to inhibit stem and leaf production. If the plants grow weakly and the ovary is thin, the roots can be topdressed to increase the growth of the plants and promote flowering and fruit setting.
5. Conduct artificial pollination. When watermelons are cultivated on the protected land, artificial pollination can significantly increase the fruit setting rate due to the lack of insect pollination, and if necessary, it can also be used in an appropriate amount.
6, careful management. In the early spring, the large arch shelter watermelon leaves 3 vines. It is necessary to prevent mechanical damage and artificially cause fruit drop, and to prevent and treat diseases and pests in time, and reduce the falling of flowers and the melons caused by pests and diseases.
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