Recently, a new study published in Nature-Communication showed that bioengineered blood vessels that replace the pulmonary artery can grow in the receptor in three lambs. If proven in the human body, this new type of vascular graft will eliminate the need for repeated surgery for young patients.
One of the biggest challenges in bioengineering synthetic blood vessels is that the designed blood vessels can change shape after transplantation and grow with their new receptors without being rejected by the immune system. Scientists have been working to develop methods that can produce such blood vessels, but they need to be carefully prepared using the patient's own cells. The process is lengthy and needs to be cultured in the laboratory before transplantation.
Robert Tranquillo and colleagues at the University of Minnesota in the United States have developed blood vessels that are suitable for storage and transplantation when needed, without the need to culture individual blood vessels in the laboratory. They made this artificial blood vessel by placing the sheep skin cells in a special tube and regularly pushing the nutrients needed for cell growth. Regular pushes help cells store proteins around them, giving the blood vessels the proper mechanical properties. The sheep cells are eventually washed away, leaving only "non-cellular" protein scaffolds that do not elicit an immune response.
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