There are many varieties of Pleurotus ostreatus, which can be divided into high-temperature type, medium-high temperature type, wide temperature type, wide temperature-medium type, low-temperature type and medium-low temperature type depending on the type of temperature. To obtain high quality and high yield of Pleurotus ostreatus, choose the correct variety. Very important. Among the above varieties, due to the high temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus during the fruiting period and the diseases, the amount of planting was relatively small. However, the price of high-temperature oyster mushroom is 2 to 3 times that of autumn and winter. Therefore, in recent years, there have been more and more mushroom cultivars of high-temperature oyster mushrooms. However, due to technical difficulties, the success rate is very low.
First, the correct choice of species.
Variety choice is very important, there are many farmers who failed to cultivate high-temperature oyster mushrooms, mostly because of selection errors, and some peasants did not clarify the type of the temperature of the varieties, they just brought it to the plant. The result was not due to the temperature type, causing no results. Mushroom or germination fails. Therefore, we must go to the high-reputation scientific research institutes at the time of introduction (the Jiangsu Binhai Edible Fungi Research Institute is now supplying all kinds of oyster mushroom sorghum strains).
Second, ensure the quality of strains.
It is important to ensure the good quality of the strains in order to achieve high yields and stable production of high-temperature oyster mushrooms and to master the correct production process of strains. Practice has shown that improved varieties can produce more than 30% of the inferior varieties, and they are strong and the pests and diseases rarely occur. Because good quality strains have strong vitality, mycelium grows vigorously after sowing, which can inhibit the growth of various bacteria. At the same time, mycelia can disperse nutrients and absorb nutrients in the medium, which can better transport nutrients and moisture to fruit bodies. The high yield and stable yield of Pleurotus ostreatus can be obtained.
Third, the venue selection.
The high temperature Pleurotus ostreatus can be used as a large shed, a semi-underground mushroom shed, a summer idle vegetable shed, and abandoned houses. The requirement is that the covering on the shed must be thick, well ventilated, and easy to drain.
Fourth, bacteria bags production.
It can take two methods of clinker bag making and fermentation material bag making, and can not adopt raw material cultivation, otherwise it will lead to production failure.
1, clinker bag.
Cultivated cultivating refers to the method of sterilizing the culture material after it is first sterilized, and then sowing and sterilizing. The cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus is most suitable for this method. The first advantage is that the nutrient in the material can be fully decomposed after the culture material is sterilized at a high temperature, so as to facilitate the absorption of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium, and the mycelium growth speed of Pleurotus ostreatus is high. The nutrient utilization rate is high, and high yield and stable yield can be obtained. Second, after this method is adopted, various nutrients can be added in the culture medium without worrying about contamination of the fungus by bacteria during the germination period; third, the cultivation of clinker. The material temperature can be well controlled, which can prevent the burning phenomenon in the raw materials cultivation bacteria. Fourth, the clinker cultivation mushrooming early, sowing the same period, than the raw material cultivation in advance of the mushroom 10 to 15 days. The size of the clinker bag can be selected from 20 cm 45 cm 2.5 to 3 silk, not too thick or too thin.
2, fermented material bag.
This method is to ferment the culture materials, and it is suitable for mushroom farmers with rich experience in germination. The specific method is to mix the culture materials with water, and build a 1.5-meter-wide, high 1.2-1.5-meter-long, unlimited-length material pile. The dry amount of material piles should be more than 500kg, and it should not be too small to avoid material temperature. Raise or rise too slowly. The upper part of the stockpiling should be piled into a turtle shape, lightly lapped around, and use a wooden stick with a diameter of about 5 cm to make two rows of breathable eyes at the top of the stack, and then diagonally play a row of air holes in the middle and lower part of the stack. The hole spacing can be about 30 centimeters, covered with straw, sacks, scale bags and so on. After the stack is covered, use a temperature meter to measure the temperature of the material surface at about 25 cm. When the temperature rises above 55°C, it starts timing and maintains for about 12 hours. The stack is piled up and down. Internal and external adjustments, after the stack is completed, the stack is rebuilt and the operation is the same as when the reactor was initially built. When the stockpile temperature rises above 55°C, it is maintained for about 12 hours, and the second turning is carried out. Generally, it is necessary to turn the stack 3 times. After the material is well fermented, the stack is cooled down. When the temperature drops to about 30°C, it can be bagged. The bag size can be selected from 22 to 25 centimeters, 45 centimeters and 1.5 to 2 silk plastic bags. The sowing method adopts the layer seeding method of four layers of bacteria and three layers of culture materials. After sowing the seed, it is placed around the material bag and at both ends. Zha Kong is breathable, and 8 to 10 vent holes can be provided at each of the two ends and the middle of each layer.
Fifth, bacteria administration.
In summer, the temperature is high and the germs are difficult to produce. The bacteria bags should be properly discharged, and the bags should be turned and the oxygen should be ventilated in a timely manner to control the temperature of the germs and the ambient temperature. Whether it is a clinker fungus bag or a fermented material fungus bag, it should be discharged in a single layer with a spacing of not less than 50 cm and a spacing of not less than 5 cm. The shading site should be strengthened and the ventilation and heat dissipation intensity must be increased. Cold water can be sprayed on the bacterial bag to prevent the temperature of the bag from exceeding 33°C.
Six, fruiting management.
When the mycelium is full of hair, the hand bag is rigid and firm, flexible, and the surface has pale yellow water droplets and primordial appearance, indicating that the hyphae have reached a physiological maturity, and wait until 80% of the bag has a primordial appearance. Stackable mushrooms. The bacteria wall can be coded up to three layers. The bag and the bag must not be close together. A space of 3 to 5 cm should be reserved for heat dissipation. The layer can be separated from the layer by a small bamboo basket.
During the entire fruiting process, ventilation must be good; due to the high temperature in the summer, the water evaporates quickly, so to ensure the humidity, it is necessary to spray water frequently, the water spray can be 3 to 4 times a day, and it can be used once every few days with a large water irrigation canopy. To ensure the normal growth and development of fruiting bodies for the required humidity.
Pleurotus ostreatus from sowing to mushrooming, faster time, normal management, about 20 days can be fruiting, bioconversion rate can reach 100 to 130%. (This article was provided by Han Chaozheng, Institute of Edible Fungi, Binhai, Jiangsu; 0515---4103012 13851113822)
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