How to use biological pesticides according to meteorological conditions

Bacterial pesticides are a type of biological pesticide that offers high insecticidal efficiency without harming the environment, humans, or animals. They also do not lead to pest resistance, making them an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. However, their effectiveness depends on several factors, including the number and viability of the bacteria, as well as environmental conditions during application. To maximize the performance of bacterial biopesticides, it's essential to consider key factors such as temperature, humidity, sunlight, and rainfall. Temperature plays a crucial role in the success of bacterial pesticides. The ideal temperature range for application is between 20°C and 30°C. This is because these pesticides contain active ingredients like protein crystals and live spores, which function best within this range. At lower temperatures, spore germination slows down, and the protein crystals may not work effectively. Studies have shown that applying bacterial pesticides at 25°C to 30°C can increase their effectiveness by up to 102 times compared to applications made at 10°C to 15°C. Humidity is another important factor. Higher environmental humidity generally improves the efficacy of bacterial pesticides, especially those in powdered form. Bacterial spores are sensitive to dry conditions, so it's best to apply them during early morning or late evening when dew is present. This helps the spores adhere better to the leaf surface, promoting their growth and enhancing the overall effectiveness of the treatment. Sunlight, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation, can significantly reduce the viability of bacterial spores. Exposure to direct sunlight for just 30 minutes can kill about 50% of the spores, while one hour of exposure can lead to an 80% mortality rate. UV light also affects parasporal crystals, causing deformation and degradation. For this reason, it's recommended to apply bacterial pesticides after 5 p.m. or on cloudy days to avoid direct sunlight. Rainfall can also impact the performance of bacterial pesticides. Heavy rain may wash away the sprayed solution from the leaves, reducing its effectiveness. However, light rain that occurs after the pesticide has dried (within 5 hours) can actually enhance its performance by helping the bacteria spread more evenly across the plant surface. In summary, using bacterial pesticides requires careful attention to environmental conditions. By choosing the right time and weather, you can ensure optimal results while maintaining the benefits of a natural, sustainable pest control method.

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