How to use biological pesticides according to meteorological conditions

Bacterial pesticides are a type of biological pesticide known for their high insecticidal efficiency, environmental safety, and non-toxicity to humans and animals. They also help reduce the risk of pest resistance. However, their effectiveness depends heavily on the number and activity of the bacteria, as well as the environmental conditions during application. To maximize the performance of bacterial biopesticides, several key factors must be carefully considered. First, temperature plays a crucial role. The ideal temperature range for applying bacterial biopesticides is between 20°C and 30°C. This is because these pesticides contain active ingredients such as protein crystals and living spores. At lower temperatures, spores grow slowly inside pests, and the protein crystals are less effective. Studies show that at 25°C to 30°C, the efficacy can be up to 102 times greater than when applied at 10°C to 15°C. Next, humidity is another important factor. Higher environmental humidity improves the effectiveness of bacterial pesticides, especially those in powdered form. Bacterial spores are sensitive to dry conditions, so it's best to apply them in the early morning or late evening when dew is present. This helps the bacterial agent stick to the leaf surface, promoting better spore growth and enhancing the overall effectiveness of the treatment. Sunlight is also a critical consideration. Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can damage spores and parasporal crystals. Exposure to direct sunlight for just 30 minutes can kill about 50% of the spores, and after one hour, the mortality rate can rise to 80%. UV radiation can also degrade the parasporal crystals, reducing their insecticidal power. Therefore, it’s recommended to apply bacterial pesticides in the late afternoon, after 5 p.m., or on cloudy days to avoid UV exposure. Lastly, rainfall can have both negative and positive effects. Heavy rain may wash away the sprayed bacterial solution, reducing its effectiveness. However, light rain occurring more than five hours after application can actually enhance the performance of the pesticide by helping it spread more evenly across the plant surfaces. By taking these environmental factors into account, farmers and users can significantly improve the success of bacterial biopesticides, making them a more reliable and sustainable option in modern agriculture.

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