In recent years, the diversity and prevalence of pests and diseases affecting jujube trees have been on the rise, making chemical control an essential part of the growing season. However, the high costs associated with chemical treatments, along with the labor required, often lead to pesticide residues, which are not in line with the standards for producing green, organic fruits. To address this issue, it is crucial to focus on overwintering pest management by combining it with winter tree care, which can significantly enhance the effectiveness of pest control.
First, pests such as Qingyuan jujube rust, green-lipped stink bugs, and date moths often overwinter in the leaf litter or weeds beneath the trees. Therefore, it is important to clear the area around the trees thoroughly after the leaves fall. Dead branches, rotten fruits, and weeds should be collected, burned, or buried to eliminate potential breeding grounds for these pests.
Second, digging up larvae and pupae that hide in the soil can effectively reduce the population of insects that will emerge in the following year. This practice, when done correctly, can lead to a significant decrease in pest numbers without the need for heavy chemical use.
Third, the old bark under the tree has a temperature 1–3°C higher than the surrounding environment, making it a common wintering site for pests like the red spider. By carefully scraping off the old bark, you not only remove pests but also stimulate tree growth. This should be done after the leaves have fallen and before new buds appear. A plastic sheet should be placed under the tree during the process to collect the removed bark and insects, which should then be burned or disposed of properly.
Fourth, whitewashing the tree trunks helps protect against both cold weather and pests. The mixture typically includes 12 parts of quicklime (mixed with cold water), 2 parts of sulfur or 3 parts of lime sulfur stock solution, 2 parts of salt (dissolved in hot water), 36 parts of water, and a small amount of glue. This mixture protects the tree from frost, sunburn, and disease while also killing pests. The white paint should cover the trunk up to a height where all pruned branches are visible, helping prevent dry tips.
Fifth, older trees in Mushudong are more prone to infestations and serve as winter shelters for pests like the young armyworm. During winter, a mixture of 10 parts of clay, 3 pieces of broken wheat straw, and a small amount of insecticide can be used to fill tree holes, effectively sealing them and eliminating overwintering pests.
Sixth, during winter pruning, cut off any branches that have been damaged by caterpillars. For severely affected branches, use a wire brush to remove overwintering insects. Special attention should be given to removing the overwintering stages of the yellow thorn moth, as they are particularly persistent.
Lastly, due to the waxy coating on the surface of turtle wax, many conventional pesticides are ineffective. Instead, using a diesel emulsion can help control these pests. Before the jujube trees begin to sprout, spray the entire tree with a 5-degree lime sulfur solution, which is effective against red spiders, pear psyllids, and other similar pests.
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