Eggplant cultivation requires careful attention to seedling development, soil preparation, and proper fertilization. For spring sowing, eggplant seedlings are typically started in greenhouses during late January to early February, with transplanting taking place in Yangshuo one month later or from mid-February to early March. The seedlings should be around 90 to 100 days old before being moved. In contrast, summer sowing usually begins in late April to early May in open fields, using heat- and disease-resistant varieties. A small shelter can be used initially to protect the young plants from rain and sun, and after germination, proper ventilation is essential. Seedlings are ready for transplanting after about 60 days.
The nursery methods for eggplants are similar to those for tomatoes, but there are some key differences. Eggplants take longer to germinate—about 1 to 2 days more than tomatoes—and require a slightly higher temperature during germination (2–3°C warmer). Also, eggplants establish roots earlier and have weaker regenerative abilities, so it's important to keep as much soil as possible when transplanting to avoid root damage.
Soil preparation is crucial for successful eggplant growth. Avoid planting eggplants in the same area where solanaceous crops like tomatoes, peppers, or potatoes were grown previously. Spring-planted eggplants can be intercropped with early-season vegetables such as cabbage, radish, or spinach. After the last frost, which usually occurs between late April and mid-May, planting can begin. Summer eggplants are often planted after wheat harvest, and this type of crop is known as "Mai-Jin eggplant."
Before planting, apply 75,000 to 90,000 kg of well-decomposed organic manure per hectare, along with 400 to 600 kg of compound fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium. Mix the organic matter and fertilizer thoroughly before planting. When transplanting, water the seedlings immediately after planting. Each 5,000 hectares should be carefully managed to ensure healthy growth.
Topdressing plays an important role in eggplant cultivation. After planting, regular weeding and soil loosening help raise the temperature and promote slow seedling growth. Once the seedlings are established, watering should be done sparingly, only when necessary. Light watering combined with occasional cultivation helps develop a strong root system, which supports future fruiting. At the end of the seedling stage, applying 15,000 kg/ha of manure and urine can provide essential nutrients.
Fertilization timing is critical. Too early, and the plant may grow too vigorously; too late, and the fruit may become purple and underdeveloped. During flowering and fruit set, eggplants need consistent water and nutrients. Water every 1 to 5 days, keeping the soil moist. Apply 15,000 kg/ha of nitrogen or 225 kg/ha of potassium compound fertilizer each time, alternating with irrigation every 15 days for a total of 8 to 9 times. In late-season cultivation, foliar sprays of 0.2% urea or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can improve fruit setting and overall plant health.
If the soil lacks magnesium or if there's an imbalance due to excessive nitrogen or potassium use, magnesium deficiency can occur. To correct this, add dolomite or calcium magnesium phosphate to the base fertilizer. If symptoms appear early, apply 405 kg/ha of magnesium sulfate or spray 0.1% to 0.2% magnesium sulfate solution weekly for three weeks.
During the growing season, extreme temperatures, poor light, or sudden changes in soil moisture can lead to fruit drop. During the rainy season, drainage must be ensured, and excessive potassium application should be avoided.
Eggplants are typically harvested when the fruit is tender, which takes about 20 to 25 days from flowering. Timely harvesting is essential to encourage new branches and fruits. Harvesting in the morning ensures the fruit remains fresh and shiny, enhancing its market value.
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