The cultivation of Oini fish in paddy fields is a combined planting and breeding project that makes full use of water resources, increases output per unit area, adjusts the structure of the agricultural industry, and increases the income of farmers. It can use the advantages of fast growth, high yield, and good economic benefits of Oni fish. Widespread promotion in the vast rural areas.
1 Advantages of Oini breeding in paddy fields
Due to the shallow water layer, high water temperature, and rich biological fish food, paddy fields are very suitable for Ao tilapia cultivation and have gradually become a new target for fish farming in paddy fields. Generally, 20-30kg A. tilapia can be produced per acre.
Rice aquaculture can not only obtain certain fish products from paddy fields, but also promote the growth of rice crops, increase rice production, and achieve double harvest of fish and rice. Practice has shown that in paddy fields, cultivated Oni fish, rice can generally increase production by about 10%. This is due to the fact that Onyx swims around the paddy field, stirs the water, increases the dissolution of the water, and drills the mud to feed. This loosens the soil and allows the oxygen to penetrate deeper into the water layer, thereby accelerating the decomposition of the fertilizer and facilitating the improvement of the soil texture. With the absorption of fertilizers, rice roots are easily stretched and promote the growth of rice. In addition, the large amount of feces of Oni fish, in addition to containing a large amount of nitrogen, also contains a large amount of phosphorus, which plays a role in the growth of rice.
2 Conditions for cultivation of anifish in paddy fields
2.1 Select paddy fields
The paddy fields of the aquaculture aquiculture require abundant water sources, energy irrigation, drought and flood protection, drought and drought, no flooding, fresh water, and no pollution. The soil is fertile, strong in water retention, and has a neutral or slightly alkaline pH. Paddy field with water conservation and fertility is the best.
2.2 Select rice varieties
Since the Oini fish are bottom-level fish, they can drill loose soil when swimming in the field. It is advisable to grow rice varieties that are thick, resistant to lodging, and resistant to large fertilizers.
2.3 Excavation Field Engineering
2.3.1 The height of paddy fields is generally low in paddy fields. When the combination of excavation of fish ditch, fish carp, and leveling of paddy fields is completed, the height of field plow should be raised. Generally, the height of pagoda is 30-60 cm, and it must be hammered to prevent heavy rain. And can prevent the yellow crickets, water snakes, voles hit the hole causing leaking fish.
2.3.2 Excavation of Fish Gills Fish gills Excavation of fish gutters and fish gills is performed in rice fields. The main role of rice fields is in draining the fields, applying chemical fertilizers, and spraying pesticides. Oani fish can be concentrated in fish gutters or fish gills. Safe habitat. In the summer when the water temperature is too high, Oni fish can swim deeper fish ditch summer. It also helps the harvesting and fishing of Oni fish. In general, fish ditch is excavated before transplanting. Excavation area should ensure that the area of ​​fish ditch and fish gill should be enlarged as far as possible to ensure that rice does not decrease production. The excavation area generally does not exceed 5%-7% of the paddy field area. The size and form of the fish ditch, fish gills, excavation location, quantity, shape, etc., should be based on the natural topography of paddy fields, the size of the paddy fields and the level of fish production. Generally small areas can be dug into "field" shape, large and long rice fields can be dug into "10" shape or "mesh" shape. A horizontal ditch is opened every 20m, and a vertical ditch is opened every 25m. The distance from the fish ditch around the field is 30-60cm. The groove width and groove depth are 30 cm and 50 cm, respectively. The fish is open at the edge of the field, and its area depends on the size of the field and the level of fish production. The fish ditch should be slightly inclined to the direction of the fish. The area of ​​the fish should be about 10% of the paddy field area, and the depth should be 0.8-1.0m.
2.3.3 The inlet and outlet of the paddy field should be well located in the field ridges in the opposite corners of the paddy field so that the water flow in the field can be uniformly distributed. Inlet and outlet must be installed to stop fish equipment, can be made of 70cm long, 40cm wide wooden frame. In the early days, the size of the fish was small, and the smaller meshed dense meshes could be installed. As the fish grew up later, it was replaced with a larger mesh mesh. The masonry near the wooden frame can be properly reinforced with bricks and stones to prevent the mud from flushing when draining and lose the effect of blocking fish. In addition, it is necessary to frequently clear the debris on the fishing equipment to prevent clogging.
3 Rice cultivation
3.1 Early nursery
Nursery and transplanting should be done as early as possible. It is best to plug in before June 15 so that fish can be put into the pool as soon as possible.
3.2 Reasonable planting
The total number of holes planted per acre of rice is about 25,000. In order to ensure a good harvest of paddy fields, a wide and narrow row of plants is planted during planting, and the planting density beside the plantar sulcus is appropriately increased by taking advantage of the side row.
3.3 Pay attention to irrigation and drainage
In order to ensure the safety of Onyx fish, irrigation and drainage in paddy field should maintain a certain water level in the ditch, and the drying time should not be too long.
3.4 Scientific Fertilization
Fertilization is dominated by organic fertilizers. When rice fields are plowed, 200 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per acre, and more base fertilizer is applied. Fertilizer should be applied a small number of times, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be lower than conventional fish, generally 10%-15%.
3.5 Rice disease prevention
The prevention and control of rice pests and diseases should be based on ecological control, and the use of pesticides should use high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue varieties and avoid the use of highly toxic pesticides. Herbicides in paddy fields should be used sparingly and should be mainly hand-pulled. The spraying method is used when the medicine is used, the powder is sprayed when the dew is not dry in the morning, and the liquid is sprayed after the dew is dry. The spray is sprayed upwards as the spray sprays, spraying as much as possible on the foliage, reducing the amount of drug that falls into the water. Fill the field water before spraying, change the water promptly after application, and avoid spraying before the rain, so as not to affect the safety of the fish.
4 Stocking of Oini fish in paddy fields
4.1 Stocking Preparation
After the completion of the paddy fields, two weeks before stocking, 75-100 kg of calcined water per acre is poured on the fish gills, fish ditch, and field blocks for disinfection. The next day, the gills, ditch, and paddy fields will be raked with rakes and other tools. Move to fully mix the lime slurry with the sludge. One week before release, the fermented livestock and poultry manure was applied for fertilizer and water, and the amount of 200 kg per mu was used to cultivate the natural bait in the water.
4.2 Stocking time
Usually about 5 days after rice transplanting, when the seedlings turn green, they are stocked. In some places, in order to increase the growth period of fish, fish will be fed into the fish gills and fish ditch in mid-May. It is also a good idea to open the ditch and fish into the fields after the seedlings return to green.
4.3 Stocking Methods
The first is the choice of fingerlings. It is advisable to choose a healthy, vigorous, disease-free and non-invasive fish species; followed by a reasonable stocking density. Generally, a size of 5-6cm can be placed in each acre. 300 tails, if you can feed fertilizer can be increased to 300-400 tail / acre, with grass carp, squid and other home fish 150-200 tail. The specific amount of stocking can be controlled flexibly according to the condition of paddy field, water quality environment, irrigation and irrigation conditions and management level; finally, the stocking operation should be standardized, and fish species should be disinfected before entering the pool. Generally, 3%-5% salt water is used to bathe the fish body. 5-10 minutes. The temperature difference between the temperature of water in transportation and the temperature of Tanaka water should not exceed 3°C. Otherwise, the fish should be released when the water temperature is adjusted to be basically the same. The time for fish release should be in the morning or evening on a sunny day. Do not put fish on a rainy day or in a sunny day.
5 Feeding management of Oini fish in paddy fields
After paddy field stocking of Oni fish, it is necessary to strengthen feeding and management. In order to ensure the smooth progress of fish farming in rice paddies and achieve a good harvest of fish and rice, the following tasks must be done.
5.1 Maintaining the water level
Because Oni fish can adapt to shallow water life, the usual field management is carried out according to the general management of rice fields. In the early stage of cultivation, the fish species are small, and the water level can be kept around 6.6cm. In the later period of cultivation, the fish species grow up, and the water level should be kept above 8.3cm. Before the paddy field is planted, the fish ditch and fish nest should be cleaned to prevent fish ditch blocking and silting. The speed of the drainage should not be too fast, otherwise the Oani fish will not be able to escape the fish ditch and will die in the rice fields. When drying in the field, the water level in the ditch is 13-17cm. After Tian Tianshi is in good condition, the original water level will be restored in time. Don't let the sun shine for too long, so as not to affect the growth of Oani fish when it is too long.
5.2 Fertilization
In the paddy field, O. avium is generally not baited, but it depends on the intake of natural food. However, natural food in paddy fields is limited, and it is appropriate to feed a portion of the bait to accelerate its growth and increase production. Feeding 2 times a day, it is advisable to feed the food 2 hours after bait. The feeding site should be in the fish pond.
Fish farming paddy fields have no special requirements on the base fertilizers and farmyard fertilizers. Ammonia is only used as a basal fertilizer. If you want to apply urea, ammonium sulfate, etc. as a top dressing, apply it in small quantities several times. Apply half a field at a time. Avoid direct fertilization in fish ditch and fish nests. Fertilizer should be determined according to the water quality of rice fields. The color of the water is greenish green or yellow-brown, indicating that the natural food in the water is rich and can be used without fertilizer. If the water is clear, it means that water is thin and there are few natural foods.
5.3 Anti-escape and damage prevention
During the breeding period, inspections should be stepped up to ensure that there are holes or gaps in the fields and they should be promptly repaired after the discovery to prevent leaking fish. In case of heavy rain, care should be taken not to flood the fields. Daily morning and evening field inspections should be carried out to observe whether fish ingestion is normal and whether there are floating heads. Check if there are loopholes in the fields and whether the fish traps are blocked and loosened.
5.4 Water Quality Regulation
After the fish is put into the field, it is necessary to keep the pool water dark brown with a transparency of 25-30 cm. The fertilizer is applied once a week, and human and animal manure is applied at a time. The dosage is 150-200 kg per mu. When the weather is clear and the transparency of the water body is greater than 30cm, the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately increased. When the water quality is too fat, the fertilizer should be reduced or stopped, and new water should be injected. In the hot season, generally change the water 1-2 times a week, each time to replace 20% -30% of field water.
5.5 Timely fishing
The fishing time is better a few days before rice is harvested. Before fishing, clear the fish ditch and fish nest to make the water flow smoothly, so that the Oani fish can be concentrated in the fish ditch and fish nest. Drain the water slowly at night while draining. When most of the fish are automatically brought into the fish ditch and fish nest, fish are picked up using a small dip net or other fishing tools. Then go to the field again and pick up the fish hidden in the nest or in the squat.
Xi'an complex bio-tech CO.,LTD. , https://www.complexpowder.com