Prevention of Pythium in Cold-season Turf

With the expansion of the turfgrass area and the increase of grass species, diseases and insect pests will also occur. The damage area will increase year by year, causing the turf to lose its greenness or alopecia areata, destroying the landscape effect, and even leading to the destruction of large areas of grass. In recent years, the author carried out investigations and prevention research on lawn diseases in Qiqihar City, and found that the turfgrass disease is serious. 1 Occurrence and symptoms 1.1 turf would suffer harm the vast majority of Pythium, especially cool-season lawn injured heavier; great destructive disease, under appropriate conditions, can occur in a large number of days, the lawn destroyed . 1.2 1.2.1 leaf blight symptoms in the leaf-type lower portion susceptible warm hot, humid conditions, 2 ~ 5cm circular brown spots will suddenly appear. When there is dew in the early morning, the diseased leaves are dark green with water stains, become soft and sticky, and are grease-like and intertwined with each other, so called oil blotch. When dry, the lesions are light brown to brown, causing the lawn to wither. When the lawn is humid, especially in the early morning or evening after the rain, the decayed leaves are clustered on the ground, and a layer of fluffy white or purple appears. The gray mycelia often called cotton wool wilt during this period. 1.2.2 The root rot sensible lawn will first appear with 4 to 7 cm yellow lesions. The water-stained patches on the root neck of severely affected turfgrass plants have reduced root number and decreased viability. 1.3 pathogens caused by the disease there are many kinds of pathogens, common Pythium phaneamatma (Pythiumaphanidermatum), Pythium graminicola (Pythium graminicola), Pythium ultimum (Pythiumultimum) dozen. 1.4 Occurrence Regular oospores in soil and diseased bodies are the most important source of primary infection. The bacteria can infect in cold and humid environment, but also in the hot, humid weather. When it is hot and humid, it can destroy a large area of ​​lawn overnight. The high nitrogen content of the soil can increase the occurrence of pyogenes. Severe onset in alkaline soils. Pythium in Qiqihar District mainly occurred from July to September. 2 Prevention and control measures 2.1 Improve ecological conditions Before planting, the land should be leveled and planted on neutral soil as much as possible. The soil with heavy clay, high sediment content, and strong alkali must be improved. Drainage facilities should be set up to avoid accumulation of water after rain and reduce the water table. When more trees are shaded around the lawn, the trees should be trimmed in time to maintain good light and ventilation conditions in order to mitigate the hazards. 2.2 Reasonable irrigation No matter what kind of irrigation method is used, it must be irrigated to reduce the frequency of watering as much as possible. Irregularly irrigated water is better than a small amount of multiple irrigation to reduce the humidity of lawn microclimate. The best irrigation time is before 10 o'clock or after 16 o'clock. It should not be watered in the evening or at night to prevent the lawn from being too humid. Try to create a humidity condition that is not conducive to the survival of Pythium. 2.3 Strengthen Management During turfgrass growth, pruning should be carried out in time. Otherwise, ventilation and poor light transmission will reduce the resistance of the turf. The cut grass should be pulled out with iron to increase the permeability of the lawn. Dew does not trim during hot seasons to avoid germ transmission and infection. Balanced fertilization, to avoid the application of excessive nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer; in the spring when the lawn turns green, fertilization can promote root growth, more tiller, can control weed growth, increase coverage, and make the turf resistance. In addition, fertilization in autumn is not negligible. Addition of fertilizers from late August to late September will not only stimulate the growth of turf roots, increase cold resistance, extend the green period, but also make the grass sprout early in the spring. 2.4 Selection of Disease-Resistant Varieties When constructing a turfgrass, more resistant grass species should be selected and mixed with different grass species or different species. Such as red fescue, bluegrass, ryegrass mixed planting in different proportions. This can reduce the incidence of Pythium. 2.5 Chemicals control 0.2% chlorfluazuron or anti-virus drug dressing is a simple, easy and effective method to prevent rotten seedlings and seedling damping-off; metalaxyl, acetylene aluminum, and anti-virus can be selected during high-temperature and high-humidity seasons. Metalaxyl Manganese Zinc, Prec, chlorothalonil and other agents 800 to 1000 times liquid spray control, can control the disease.

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