Black oyster seed breeding techniques in southern Guizhou

Black abalone (formerly the hybrid offspring of Haliotis discus hannai and Japanese abalone) is slightly similar to the discus abalone, but the level of the body spiral is obvious, and 4 to 5 shell holes communicate with the outside. It is the larger species of abalone in China. Now we will introduce the breeding techniques of black abalone seedlings as follows.
First, the choice of pro-shellfish
In mid-October, the water temperature is 20 to 24°C. Abalone abalone raised or cultivated in the sea area is selected. The shell length is longer than 6 cm, and the vigor is strong without damage. The appearance of the gonads is extremely full. The base protrudes from the rim, and the end is filled with gonads and is pure. Round, female gonads are green (few brown green), male gonads are milky yellow.
Second, the oxytocin production using dry and ultraviolet irradiation seawater induction combined method. Pro-bamboo dried for 30 to 60 minutes, then placed in a 30-liter glass cell with 5 to 10 cells per well, separate male and female, 4:1 ratio between male and female, 300-800 mW/L UV irradiation dose, The seawater is stimulated with 20 liters/hour of water, and ovulation can be performed after 2 to 3 hours.
Third, artificial insemination and hatching Eggs and sperm collected separately should be artificially inseminated within one hour to increase the fertilization rate. Insemination should draw appropriate amount of sperm into the abalone egg collection basin and mix well, take a little observation of each fertilized egg. About 10 sperm around the eggs are more suitable. Incubation begins 15 minutes after insemination, 20 minutes apart, 3 to 5 times.
The fertilized eggs are washed and transferred to the hatching tank for hatching. The hatching tank is suitable for a small sink of 0.5 to 1 ton, and the hatching density is 20/ml, stirring gently once every half hour, changing the water once every 3 hours. Water temperature 23 °C, fertilized eggs hatched larvae after 10 to 12 hours.
IV. Pre-cultivation of young seedlings and juvenile abalone. The floating larvae will be collected by siphoning. After counting, they will be placed in nursery ponds with an area of ​​10 to 30 square meters and a seedling density of 40,000 to 50,000 per square meter. Larvae. The seedling harvester is a universal seedling harvester for nine-hole borer nursery, which uses a 80 cm 80 cm polyethylene film to tie a fist-shaped stone in its middle. One week before pickling, the benthic diatom is cultivated and used before seedling collection. 1 to 2 g/m3 of trichlorfon medicine bath picking device for 6 hours to kill benthic copepods, washed with fresh seawater and transferred to the seedling nursery pool, arranged at 20 pieces per square meter.
Water temperature 20 ~ 24 °C, black abalone fertilized eggs 3 to 5 days can enter the benthic life, when the water from the cultivation of static water instead of cultivation, the daily exchange of water for the whole pool of 1 to 2 times, to maintain water temperature, salinity relatively stable. The benthic diatom breeding on the predator was often observed, light and aeration were properly adjusted, and fertilizer was applied in a timely manner. The amount of fertilizer applied was as follows: nitrogen 5 g/m3, phosphorus 0.1 g/m3, silicon 0.1 g/m3, iron 0.01 g/m3 concentration. Nutrients should be prevented from breeding in the breeding process, and copepods can be poisoned by trichlorfon.
Fifth, the post-cultivation of young abalone When the young abalone grows to 0.3 to 0.6 centimeters, benthic diatoms are difficult to meet their nutritional needs, the young abalone should be stripped from the plucking seedlings, available 2% to 3% alcohol anesthesia or manual Apply lightly. Feeding with the original nursery ponds, four-foot bricks are arranged as attachments at the bottom of the pond. The rearing density is 2,000-3,000 per square meter, and the daily water exchange amount is 6-7 times of the rearing water body. With artificial baits, supplemented with leeks, or individually fed with leeks, the leeks should be ground and ground. Clear the pool 2 or 3 times a week to remove residual baits and excrement.
Juvenile Bao was cultivated until April of the following year, and the shell was 0.6-1.5 cm long.
Sixth, the middle of the young abalone raise the middle of the young bait training there are two ways of breeding on the sea and on the ground, the bait is dominated by leeks.
The facilities bred in the middle of the sea include fishing rafts or floating rafts. The breeding equipment uses square or conical plastic barrels with a volume of 0.06 cubic meters. There are holes with a diameter of 0.6 centimeters around, which facilitates the exchange of water. The stocking rate is 1 to 2 centimeters per barrel. About 200 capsules of young abalone were used to remove residual bait impurities every 3 days.
Land-based breeding is the use of the rearing facilities of the young hatchery. The management method is basically the same as the rearing of the juvenile abalone. The rearing density should be appropriately diluted to 1,000 to 2,000 square meters, and the daily water supply volume should be 7 to 10 times that of the cultivated water body.
After 4 to 5 months of cultivation, young abalone grow to 1.5 to 4 cm, with an average of 3.0 cm.
Seventh, summary and discussion
1. Survival rate The early breeding period of juvenile abalone is calculated as 55% of the larvae's seedling-attached rate, and the survival rate is 7% to 16% at the time of expropriation. Before April of the following year, the survival rate was about 80%. In April, the temperature of the water rose back to 20°C. The young abalone raised in the middle of the land suffered widespread and widespread deaths in a short period of time. The daily mortality rate was as high as 10%, resulting in a survival rate of about 30% in the intermediate cultivation. The use of antibiotics and other drugs during the death period had no significant effect. Whether the reasons are related to the improper use of baits, feeding density and climate change, etc., will be discussed in the future.
The death of juvenile abalone in the middle of the sea occurs when the water temperature in the summer and autumn sea areas reaches 28°C. The mortality rate within 1 cm is high, and the average survival rate is in the open waters where the water quality is clear, the flow is smooth, and the salinity is 25 ‰ 34 ‰. About 50%.
2. Developmental growth. Seedlings that were harvested after the end of November were slow to grow due to low water temperatures below 20°C. The growth rate of juvenile abalone, juvenile abalone growth optimum temperature is 18 ~ 26 °C, sea bred faster than land-based breeding. Therefore, the production of productive seedlings should be considered before mid-November, and suitable conditions should be adopted for juvenile abalone breeding in the sea. If young juvenile abalone are raised on land, the density should be adjusted in time according to the growth of abalone, which is conducive to growth and increase the survival rate.


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