(1) The standard age of the youngsters is 35 to 40 days, the leaf age is 4.5 to 5.0 leaves, the seedling height is 13 to 17 centimeters, the number of white roots is 13 to 15, 40% of the seedlings are planted with 1 to 2 tillers, and the leaves are green. With yellow, the roots are tied up well and return to green.
(B) Preparation before nursery
1. Selection of seedbeds: Choose pollution-free, leeward, sunny, water-convenient, high-lying, dry, well-drained, no weeds, fertile soil, flat terrain, and windproof facilities.
2. Seedling area and materials: Seedling raising area: Generally, the nursery area is from 1:80 to 100, that is, from 80 to 100 square meters, and one hectare of paddy field area can be inserted. Materials include plastic shed cloth, scaffolding wood poles, bamboo hides and seeds, 400-500 hectares per hectare, seed soaking, salt etc.
3. Preparation of seedbed soil: Principles: bed soil loose, fertile (complete nutrients), a pellet, good permeability, strong water retention and fertility, acidic, no grass seeds and stones. It is best to use old Ryotedo. As the main carrier for the preparation of bed soil, mountain humus is the best for mountainous areas and semi-mountainous areas; dry field soils (land for non-herbicides) and paddy soils are used for plain areas. The amount of soil used per hectare is 2500 kg and it is best to ship it back for the first year. If it is the best early morning back to the drying, breaking, sifting, generally with a 5-hole mesh sieve to the original soil of the weeds, gravel sieved. In order to increase the content of bed soil organic matter, it is generally necessary to add peat or rotten manure. Prepare nutritional bed soil with conditioners.
Conditioners generally contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements required for seedlings, as well as acid and disinfectants, which are more convenient for farmers to use. At present, there are many varieties, such as three-functional conditioning agent: 2 kg of this product per bag, dry nursery mixed soil can be 15 square meters. Plate seedlings can breed 90 dishes. Nutritious acidified soil: better for use in saline areas, 2 kg per bag, 90 plates per pot (15 m2), seedlings, 150 plates per pot (20-25 m2) , Each bag can be mixed with 210 ~ 270 kg of soil. Mix the soil and put it on the bed or tile it on the bed and soak it. Yumiaobao: Generally used in non-saline areas, the product can be used for dry seedlings of rice, plate seedlings, seedlings, and some vegetables can also be used, such as eggplant, pepper, tomato, melons and so on. This product is 1.25 kg per bag and can be used to prepare bed soil 350 kg. Dry seedlings 15 to 20 square meters, 90 to 110 tray seedlings, 140 to 150 trays seedlings. There are changes in the dosage form of conditioners on the market every year. Be sure to follow the instructions or operate under the guidance of a technician. .
4. Seed treatment (1) Seed quantity per hectare: Seedlings for general seedlings use 25 kg (germination rate is above 95%), and dry seedlings generally have 30 to 40 kg. Drought and sparse cultivation are also less.
(2) Drying: Choose sunny days, spread the mats on the dry flat ground or spread out on the cement field. The thickness is one inch, and it is dried for 2 to 3 days. It is loaded during the daytime and in the evening, and it is frequently turned during drying to increase the seed activity.
(3) seed selection: the best salt water. The salt water is prepared to have a 1:13 specific gravity (about 501 kg of water plus 12 kg of salt) and tested with fresh eggs. The eggs can be exposed in the salt solution to a size of 5 cents. Remove the cereal, remove the rice and wash it 2 or 3 times.
(4) Soaking and disinfecting: The purpose is to make the seeds fully absorb water to facilitate germination, while disinfecting to prevent bakanae disease. At present, there are many disinfectants in production. The use of bastard nets (multiple effects) is more common. This product is 100 grams per bag, add water 50 kilograms, 40 kilograms soaked after soaking, soaking at room temperature for 5 to 7 days, soaking without direct watering can be direct germination sowing.
(5) Germination: The germination is performed at a temperature of 28-32°C, and the buds are neatly arranged. The seeds soaked are first removed and put into warm water of 40-50°C, until the seeds reach warm (around 28°C). Immediately pull the mountain, put it into a seed bag, place it on a well-grounded mat (30 cm of straw on the floor, and put a mat on it); put a plastic cloth or sack on the seed bag, and put a thermometer inside the bag. Look at the temperature at any time. Make the temperature not lower than 28 °C, not higher than 32 °C, while keeping the seed moisture, turning up and down once every few hours, so that the seed temperature as much as possible, the temperature and humidity remain the same. Special attention is that the seeds produce a lot of carbon dioxide in the process of germination, so that the temperature naturally rises. If you don’t pay attention, you will bake the seeds off due to high temperature. Generally, you can germinate in 2 days, and when it is more than 80%, Start to cool down, cool properly. Buds grow a millimeter.
5. Seeding (1) Determine the time of sowing, and determine the appropriate sowing date according to the local temperature and the ripening period of the species. The minimum temperature for germination of rice is 10-12°C, so when the temperature stabilizes at 10-12°C, it can be sowed, and it is appropriate to sow in mid-April.
(2) The amount of seeded seeding amount directly affects the quality of seedlings, and only thin seeding can breed. The results of years of research showed that dry seedlings were seeded with 150 grams (3 pairs) of dried seeds, 200 grams (4 pairs) of seed buds, and 100 grams (2) bud seeds per machine. Each dish of 50 grams (1 two) bud seeds was bred. Super-slimming cultivation sowing each broadcast 35 to 40 grams (0.7 to 0.8 two) germination seeds. In short, the seeding rate must be strictly controlled and should not be too large, which is extremely beneficial to breeding seedlings and preventing blight.
(3) Seeding method Dry seedlings of isolation layer Seedlings: Pave holes (44 cm in hole spacing and 4 mm in hole diameter) on plastic drench beds, then pave 2.5 to 3 cm thick nutritious soil, and pour 1500 times per square meter. Kesong liquid, 5 to 6 kg, a small amount of acid water can be poured in the saline-alkali area (pH of water 4), and then sown by hand, sowing should be uniform, gently press after sowing, so that seeds and bed soil close together, Then cover the soil 1 cm evenly, and then close with a bed herbicide. After sowing, the mulch film was laid on the top to keep the moisture and temperature in order to facilitate the emergence of neat seedlings.
Seedlings for planting: Seedlings (60 cm in length, 30 cm in width) Seedlings with 3 kg of nutrient soil in each plate, 0.75 to 1 kg of water, 1 kg of soil per piece after sowing, and the bed should be flat. It is then closed with a seedbed herbicide. Tile the mulch above. Remove the tile after applying the needle.
6, Putian management (1) seeding a seedlings during this time is mainly sealed insulation, to ensure the required water and temperature seedlings. The temperature in the booth is controlled at about 30°C. When the temperature exceeds 35°C, it must be ventilated and cooled. When there is water shortage, water must be replenished in time. Generally, the bottom water is not drenched, or the bed is soaked. The emergence of buds before emergence often occurs. During this period, water is the key point. Immediately after the seedlings are discharged, the plastic film is removed to avoid burning seedlings.
(2) Emergence to one leaf and one leaf period This period has strong resistance to low temperature. Note that the bed soil cannot be too wet, otherwise it will affect the growth of the root, minimize watering, and the temperature is controlled at 20-25°C. . Prevent seedlings from drying or burning seedlings.
When the seedlings grow to one leaf and one heart, with a static or net anti-buke Lingshu effect against blight, the use of 40 grams of water for each bag of 100 to 120 kg, pouring 40 square meters seedlings area.
If no herbicide is used for weed control after sowing, one leaf is the best time to use diterpenoids, and 20% of the diuretic emulsion is used to spray 40 times of water on sunny days without dew.
(3) One leaf to three leaf stage.
One-leaf to two-leaf and one-leaf (before and after weaning) are the prone periods of blight and bacterial wilt, and it is also a critical period for nurturing the strong and strong. This period is the least sensitive to moisture and strong against low temperatures. Bed soil moisture should be controlled in the general dry-field state, to keep the bed dry, only the bed soil can be watered when dry, so as to promote the development of the root system and grow robustly. The temperature in the shed is controlled at 20 to 25°C, and the ventilation is conducted in a cool and sunny place on a sunny day to prevent the seedlings from growing. In the two-leaf and one-hearted period, one chase away from the milk-fertilizer, 30m of ammonium sulfate is sprayed on the seedbed per square meter, and the water is sprayed 100 times. After the application, rinse with water once to avoid burning the leaves.
(4) Clover from one heart to the transplanting seedlings In this period, not only seedlings need a large amount of water, but also with the increase of temperature, the evaporation is also large, bed soil is easy to dry, so the watering should be timely and sufficient, otherwise the seedlings will dry up. At this time, the outside air temperature is already high, and the temperature inside the booth should be controlled within 25°C. The ventilation of the booth can be done during the daytime, and the exterior of the booth can not be covered at 10°C.
In the 3 to 4 days before transplanting, we will chase a “groomed manureâ€, applying 50-60 g of ammonium sulfate per square meter of seedbed, 100 times to water, and then wash it once with clean water. And according to pest information, timely prevention and control of pests and diseases. Do it with fertilizers and get married.
(B) Preparation before nursery
1. Selection of seedbeds: Choose pollution-free, leeward, sunny, water-convenient, high-lying, dry, well-drained, no weeds, fertile soil, flat terrain, and windproof facilities.
2. Seedling area and materials: Seedling raising area: Generally, the nursery area is from 1:80 to 100, that is, from 80 to 100 square meters, and one hectare of paddy field area can be inserted. Materials include plastic shed cloth, scaffolding wood poles, bamboo hides and seeds, 400-500 hectares per hectare, seed soaking, salt etc.
3. Preparation of seedbed soil: Principles: bed soil loose, fertile (complete nutrients), a pellet, good permeability, strong water retention and fertility, acidic, no grass seeds and stones. It is best to use old Ryotedo. As the main carrier for the preparation of bed soil, mountain humus is the best for mountainous areas and semi-mountainous areas; dry field soils (land for non-herbicides) and paddy soils are used for plain areas. The amount of soil used per hectare is 2500 kg and it is best to ship it back for the first year. If it is the best early morning back to the drying, breaking, sifting, generally with a 5-hole mesh sieve to the original soil of the weeds, gravel sieved. In order to increase the content of bed soil organic matter, it is generally necessary to add peat or rotten manure. Prepare nutritional bed soil with conditioners.
Conditioners generally contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements required for seedlings, as well as acid and disinfectants, which are more convenient for farmers to use. At present, there are many varieties, such as three-functional conditioning agent: 2 kg of this product per bag, dry nursery mixed soil can be 15 square meters. Plate seedlings can breed 90 dishes. Nutritious acidified soil: better for use in saline areas, 2 kg per bag, 90 plates per pot (15 m2), seedlings, 150 plates per pot (20-25 m2) , Each bag can be mixed with 210 ~ 270 kg of soil. Mix the soil and put it on the bed or tile it on the bed and soak it. Yumiaobao: Generally used in non-saline areas, the product can be used for dry seedlings of rice, plate seedlings, seedlings, and some vegetables can also be used, such as eggplant, pepper, tomato, melons and so on. This product is 1.25 kg per bag and can be used to prepare bed soil 350 kg. Dry seedlings 15 to 20 square meters, 90 to 110 tray seedlings, 140 to 150 trays seedlings. There are changes in the dosage form of conditioners on the market every year. Be sure to follow the instructions or operate under the guidance of a technician. .
4. Seed treatment (1) Seed quantity per hectare: Seedlings for general seedlings use 25 kg (germination rate is above 95%), and dry seedlings generally have 30 to 40 kg. Drought and sparse cultivation are also less.
(2) Drying: Choose sunny days, spread the mats on the dry flat ground or spread out on the cement field. The thickness is one inch, and it is dried for 2 to 3 days. It is loaded during the daytime and in the evening, and it is frequently turned during drying to increase the seed activity.
(3) seed selection: the best salt water. The salt water is prepared to have a 1:13 specific gravity (about 501 kg of water plus 12 kg of salt) and tested with fresh eggs. The eggs can be exposed in the salt solution to a size of 5 cents. Remove the cereal, remove the rice and wash it 2 or 3 times.
(4) Soaking and disinfecting: The purpose is to make the seeds fully absorb water to facilitate germination, while disinfecting to prevent bakanae disease. At present, there are many disinfectants in production. The use of bastard nets (multiple effects) is more common. This product is 100 grams per bag, add water 50 kilograms, 40 kilograms soaked after soaking, soaking at room temperature for 5 to 7 days, soaking without direct watering can be direct germination sowing.
(5) Germination: The germination is performed at a temperature of 28-32°C, and the buds are neatly arranged. The seeds soaked are first removed and put into warm water of 40-50°C, until the seeds reach warm (around 28°C). Immediately pull the mountain, put it into a seed bag, place it on a well-grounded mat (30 cm of straw on the floor, and put a mat on it); put a plastic cloth or sack on the seed bag, and put a thermometer inside the bag. Look at the temperature at any time. Make the temperature not lower than 28 °C, not higher than 32 °C, while keeping the seed moisture, turning up and down once every few hours, so that the seed temperature as much as possible, the temperature and humidity remain the same. Special attention is that the seeds produce a lot of carbon dioxide in the process of germination, so that the temperature naturally rises. If you don’t pay attention, you will bake the seeds off due to high temperature. Generally, you can germinate in 2 days, and when it is more than 80%, Start to cool down, cool properly. Buds grow a millimeter.
5. Seeding (1) Determine the time of sowing, and determine the appropriate sowing date according to the local temperature and the ripening period of the species. The minimum temperature for germination of rice is 10-12°C, so when the temperature stabilizes at 10-12°C, it can be sowed, and it is appropriate to sow in mid-April.
(2) The amount of seeded seeding amount directly affects the quality of seedlings, and only thin seeding can breed. The results of years of research showed that dry seedlings were seeded with 150 grams (3 pairs) of dried seeds, 200 grams (4 pairs) of seed buds, and 100 grams (2) bud seeds per machine. Each dish of 50 grams (1 two) bud seeds was bred. Super-slimming cultivation sowing each broadcast 35 to 40 grams (0.7 to 0.8 two) germination seeds. In short, the seeding rate must be strictly controlled and should not be too large, which is extremely beneficial to breeding seedlings and preventing blight.
(3) Seeding method Dry seedlings of isolation layer Seedlings: Pave holes (44 cm in hole spacing and 4 mm in hole diameter) on plastic drench beds, then pave 2.5 to 3 cm thick nutritious soil, and pour 1500 times per square meter. Kesong liquid, 5 to 6 kg, a small amount of acid water can be poured in the saline-alkali area (pH of water 4), and then sown by hand, sowing should be uniform, gently press after sowing, so that seeds and bed soil close together, Then cover the soil 1 cm evenly, and then close with a bed herbicide. After sowing, the mulch film was laid on the top to keep the moisture and temperature in order to facilitate the emergence of neat seedlings.
Seedlings for planting: Seedlings (60 cm in length, 30 cm in width) Seedlings with 3 kg of nutrient soil in each plate, 0.75 to 1 kg of water, 1 kg of soil per piece after sowing, and the bed should be flat. It is then closed with a seedbed herbicide. Tile the mulch above. Remove the tile after applying the needle.
6, Putian management (1) seeding a seedlings during this time is mainly sealed insulation, to ensure the required water and temperature seedlings. The temperature in the booth is controlled at about 30°C. When the temperature exceeds 35°C, it must be ventilated and cooled. When there is water shortage, water must be replenished in time. Generally, the bottom water is not drenched, or the bed is soaked. The emergence of buds before emergence often occurs. During this period, water is the key point. Immediately after the seedlings are discharged, the plastic film is removed to avoid burning seedlings.
(2) Emergence to one leaf and one leaf period This period has strong resistance to low temperature. Note that the bed soil cannot be too wet, otherwise it will affect the growth of the root, minimize watering, and the temperature is controlled at 20-25°C. . Prevent seedlings from drying or burning seedlings.
When the seedlings grow to one leaf and one heart, with a static or net anti-buke Lingshu effect against blight, the use of 40 grams of water for each bag of 100 to 120 kg, pouring 40 square meters seedlings area.
If no herbicide is used for weed control after sowing, one leaf is the best time to use diterpenoids, and 20% of the diuretic emulsion is used to spray 40 times of water on sunny days without dew.
(3) One leaf to three leaf stage.
One-leaf to two-leaf and one-leaf (before and after weaning) are the prone periods of blight and bacterial wilt, and it is also a critical period for nurturing the strong and strong. This period is the least sensitive to moisture and strong against low temperatures. Bed soil moisture should be controlled in the general dry-field state, to keep the bed dry, only the bed soil can be watered when dry, so as to promote the development of the root system and grow robustly. The temperature in the shed is controlled at 20 to 25°C, and the ventilation is conducted in a cool and sunny place on a sunny day to prevent the seedlings from growing. In the two-leaf and one-hearted period, one chase away from the milk-fertilizer, 30m of ammonium sulfate is sprayed on the seedbed per square meter, and the water is sprayed 100 times. After the application, rinse with water once to avoid burning the leaves.
(4) Clover from one heart to the transplanting seedlings In this period, not only seedlings need a large amount of water, but also with the increase of temperature, the evaporation is also large, bed soil is easy to dry, so the watering should be timely and sufficient, otherwise the seedlings will dry up. At this time, the outside air temperature is already high, and the temperature inside the booth should be controlled within 25°C. The ventilation of the booth can be done during the daytime, and the exterior of the booth can not be covered at 10°C.
In the 3 to 4 days before transplanting, we will chase a “groomed manureâ€, applying 50-60 g of ammonium sulfate per square meter of seedbed, 100 times to water, and then wash it once with clean water. And according to pest information, timely prevention and control of pests and diseases. Do it with fertilizers and get married.
Printing And Dyeing Auxiliaries
Dyeing Auxiliaries are chemicals used in the process of printing and dyeing in addition to industrial chemicals (such as salt, sodium bicarbonate, caustic soda, soda ash, hydrogen peroxide, etc.). Printing and dyeing auxiliaries include Printing Auxiliaries and dyeing auxiliaries. Printing auxiliaries include thickeners, binders, crosslinkers, emulsifiers, dispersants and other printing auxiliaries. Based on the knowledge of various fibers, surfactants and polymer compounds used in textiles, various auxiliaries in textile printing and dyeing process were described according to pretreatment process, printing and dyeing process and finishing process. These include dyes, scouring agents, wetting agents and penetrating agents, foaming agents, foam stabilizers, defoamers, dispersants, detergents; levelling agents, fixing agents, thickeners, binders, fluorescent whitening agents; wrinkle-proof finishing agents, softening agents, antistatic finishing agents, anti-bacterial finishing agents, anti-odor finishing agents, flame retardant finishing agents. Water repellent finishing agent.
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Printing And Dyeing Auxiliaries
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