Reporter Yang Mingwei: On May 23, Premier Zhu Rongji of the State Council signed the State Council Order No. 304 of the People's Republic of China and promulgated the “Regulations on the Administration of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms†and implemented it as of the date of promulgation. On June 6, Xinhua News Agency authorized the publication of the Regulations on the Safety Management of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms. For a time, relevant questions about genetic modification have once again attracted people's attention.
Why do humans develop GMO technology?
For questions raised by reporters, Lin Zhongping, a professor at the School of Life Sciences at Peking University, and his assistant, Ni Ting, briefed reporters on the status of genetic modification.
Professor Lin Zhongping said that the current world population has exceeded 6 billion (of which 1.2 billion people do not eat enough), and if 15% of the calories in human diets come from animal foods, it will be counted as the highest recorded food production ever (1985). Only about 4 billion people can be raised, and the American and western Europeans' dietary structure, which is 35% of meat, can only provide 2.5 billion people, less than half of the world population.
Under the pressure of increasing population and demand, the only way to solve the food problem is the innovation of agricultural technology under the situation of continuous reduction of cultivated land. The traditional cross breeding technology has reached its peak in the first wave of the green revolution. The Green Revolution has created a historical record of increased grain production, and has also caused the adverse consequences of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and abuse of pesticides to pollute the environment. Advances in plant gene technology marked by the complete sequencing of Arabidopsis genomes and the major advances in rice genome research have provided the conditions for the new agricultural revolution. The developed countries fully realized the great significance of GMO engineering in the 1990s and have already begun research and development or have achieved great success. It is precisely because of this that some of the most important European government officials (such as the United Kingdom and Germany) have also requested adjustments to their policies on genetically modified foods. Because the trade barriers established by the issue of GM food safety will undermine the progress of biotechnology in these countries, leaving them at a disadvantage in the most important technology areas in the future. Some developing countries have also proposed to feed their people in ways they see fit. Not willing to be denied biotechnology because of a misguided idea. "We don't require people to produce food for us." We Chinese people should understand more about the dangers and future consequences of increasing the gap between agricultural advanced technology and the world's advanced level.
At the same time, protecting the ecological environment is an important issue for plant biotechnology. The serious pesticide poisoning incident in Guatemala in Central America between the 1950s and the 1990s occurred among cotton agricultural workers and eventually led to the collapse of the Latin American cotton industry. In China and other countries, the damage caused by cotton bollworm is very serious, and the cotton planting area has dropped sharply in a period of time. One of the consequences of the heavy use of insecticides is the rapid increase in the resistance of cotton bollworm, and cotton farmers have to give up cotton. Bt-transformed insect-resistant cotton came into being in this situation. The transgenic insect-resistant cotton is welcomed by the cotton farmers. Due to the significant reduction in the use of insecticidal pesticides, many beneficial and harmless insects in the field are protected from killing.
Genetically engineered crops have very broad application prospects in terms of increasing yield, improving quality, enhancing plant drought tolerance, cold resistance, resistance to salinity, and improving disease resistance and resistance in plants. Therefore, the development of genetically modified organisms is a requirement of the times and an inevitable result of scientific development.
The insecurity of GMO projects has been exaggerated but unfortunately, this high technology that can protect the ecological environment has still suffered from some "ecologicalists". Some media also made a big splash in the event that the corn pollen carrying the Bt gene was poisoned.
Zhu Xi, deputy director of the Institute of Genetics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that when any new technology comes out, it is often not perfect. Controversy and opposition are also normal. However, as a trend of human technological progress and a global technological policy, society should make timely and wise judgments on it.
Professor Lin Zhongping said that the truth is very simple. As with the application of fire, the application of anti-nuclear energy, and the application of networks, there must be strict and co-conforming regulations. However, we do not agree with Greenpeace’s anti-science trend of thought and behavior. We also disapprove of some media's attitude toward scientifically-analyzed genetically modified products and mislead the public. One view is that although GM foods have not been found to be harmful and have not proved to be harmless in the future, it is better not to eat them. The people who hold this opinion advocated that the GM technology was tardy, but Lin Zhongping believed that at the beginning of the invention of the train, it was asserted that if the speed exceeds 40 kilometers per hour, people must go mad. After having an aircraft, if it is proved that the flight is harmless to humans, it is difficult to give absolute answers now and in the future.
Experts believe that exploration is endless. We must not be deterred from further exploration and should not be obstructed. Steam engines, electricity, nuclear energy, aerospace, electronic technology, network information, and even genetic technology are all crucial to human progress. In the early days of their development, people often had some doubts.
Therefore, the task of scientists is to play a favorable role in maximizing their elimination. For example, when people introduce an unknown gene into certain plants, one needs to see if the product of the gene will cause an allergic reaction through the food or pollen pathway. This possibility must be evaluated.
Experts believe that the vast majority of molecular biologists are in favor of actively promoting the application of genetically modified organisms, and they also support strict regulatory measures for transgenic plants and products. This is why the Chinese government has issued the Regulations on the Safety Management of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms.
Super monsters will not appear. When some sensational reports think that any future monsters will be created, experts believe that this is nonsense!
Professor Lin Zhongping said that the new transgenic technology has expanded the scope of gene transfer and expanded the scope of human use of genetic resources. This is exactly what many breeders strive to achieve. It is not like some media have rendered: After that, genes can flow freely between species.
In the process of species formation, it has also formed its own special reproductive methods, special reproductive physiology characteristics, and formed a relative barrier between species isolated on the reproductive. Transgenic plants acquire a new gene and impart new traits through special genetic manipulations, but they still maintain a species-specific reproductive isolation. Modern genetic manipulation techniques still follow the laws of nature. Because scientists have mastered the laws of nature more deeply, they find ways to enter the treasure house of the gene. They can use the genetic resources of nature more quickly and more objectively to create a new generation of plant and animal products. The pioneers of science have created artificially selected and forced crossbreeds to create superior varieties that are not present in nature (these varieties will not exist in wild conditions). GM technology is definitely not a sinister act.
For example, experts say that about 3.5 billion years of life history has created a variety of species, which contain different genetic information. The exchange of information between organisms includes the phenomenon that DNA transmission is a universal phenomenon in nature and a species evolution. People have long known that if the scope of a biological genetic material exchange is too narrow, it is likely to cause degradation of the population. The cause of a species' inability to adapt to a changing environment and extinction. Super monsters can't appear.
The potential of genetically engineered organisms is beyond doubt The Luo Mingdian professor of the Institute of Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences believes that there is no doubt that the 21st century life sciences will shine. Biotechnology, including plant genetic technology, is making rapid progress. Scientists and regulatory authorities are very careful to carry out field trials of transgenic plants for many years under controlled conditions.
In 1996, the GM tomatoes first entered the market, and many people still had a skeptical and wait-and-see attitude. However, this did not stop the rapid advancement of GM technology. It is estimated that global genetically modified crops will reach 44.2 million hectares in 2000. In 2000, it was 11% higher than in 1999. In the United States and other six countries, herbicide-tolerant genetically modified soybeans have reached 25.8 million hectares, accounting for 59% of the global acreage. Although European countries boycott high-quality, cheap genetically modified products from the United States, important crops such as soybeans, cotton, corn, rapeseed, etc. The GM products are still growing at a very high rate. Thousands of U.S. genetically modified foods have not found an unsafe accident. Although the United States, as the world’s largest exporter of agricultural products, has experienced setbacks in the international agricultural product market, the American people in its domestic market have no choice but to consume large quantities of genetically modified products.
It is estimated that in 2000, the area of ​​global GM crops planted was 44.2 million hectares or 109.2 million acres. It is worth noting that the year 2000 was the first time that the global acreage exceeded 100 million acres and reached almost 45 million hectares. Analysis and comparison of this data, 44.2 million hectares of land is almost twice the size of Britain’s land area. The growth rate of GM crops between 1999 and 2000 was 11%, which increased by 4.3 million hectares or 10.6 million acres in one year.
In the past five years from 1996 to 2000, the number of GM crops in the world has increased by 25 times, from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to 44.2 million hectares in 2000. This growth trend reflects that farmers in both industrialized and developing countries have gradually accepted GM crops. Moreover, in the five years from 1996 to 2000, the number of countries planting GM crops also more than doubled, from 6 in 1996 to 9 in 1998, to 12 in 1999 and 13 in 2000. .
At the same time, developing countries have also recognized the great significance of genetically modified organisms and have also started to plant genetically modified organisms. From 1996 to 2000, comparing the planting area of ​​GM crops in industrialized and developing countries, it can be seen that 85% of the global area is planted in industrialized countries. However, the area under cultivation of GM food in developing countries has increased year after year: from 14% in 1997, to 16% in 1998, 18% in 1999, to 24% growth in 2000. Thus, in 2000, about one-quarter of the 44.2 million hectares of GM crops planted in the world, or 10.7 million hectares, were planted in developing countries. The area of ​​GM crops is estimated to have increased from 39.9 million hectares in 1999 to 44.2 million hectares in 2000, making the global area increase by 4.3 million hectares in 2000, an increase of 11% compared to 1999, and an increase of all these 4.3 million hectares. Of the total area, there are 3.6 million hectares, equivalent to 84% growth in developing countries.
Finally, experts believe that the progress of China's agricultural biotechnology needs to be backed by the business community. If biotechnology is hindered, the stagnation of biotechnology at the laboratory stage will not allow sufficient funds to enter the stage of rapid development. If we cannot grasp the opportunities for the advancement of agricultural biotechnology, our country with a long history of agriculture will have a long-term future in the future of international competition.
Why do humans develop GMO technology?
For questions raised by reporters, Lin Zhongping, a professor at the School of Life Sciences at Peking University, and his assistant, Ni Ting, briefed reporters on the status of genetic modification.
Professor Lin Zhongping said that the current world population has exceeded 6 billion (of which 1.2 billion people do not eat enough), and if 15% of the calories in human diets come from animal foods, it will be counted as the highest recorded food production ever (1985). Only about 4 billion people can be raised, and the American and western Europeans' dietary structure, which is 35% of meat, can only provide 2.5 billion people, less than half of the world population.
Under the pressure of increasing population and demand, the only way to solve the food problem is the innovation of agricultural technology under the situation of continuous reduction of cultivated land. The traditional cross breeding technology has reached its peak in the first wave of the green revolution. The Green Revolution has created a historical record of increased grain production, and has also caused the adverse consequences of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and abuse of pesticides to pollute the environment. Advances in plant gene technology marked by the complete sequencing of Arabidopsis genomes and the major advances in rice genome research have provided the conditions for the new agricultural revolution. The developed countries fully realized the great significance of GMO engineering in the 1990s and have already begun research and development or have achieved great success. It is precisely because of this that some of the most important European government officials (such as the United Kingdom and Germany) have also requested adjustments to their policies on genetically modified foods. Because the trade barriers established by the issue of GM food safety will undermine the progress of biotechnology in these countries, leaving them at a disadvantage in the most important technology areas in the future. Some developing countries have also proposed to feed their people in ways they see fit. Not willing to be denied biotechnology because of a misguided idea. "We don't require people to produce food for us." We Chinese people should understand more about the dangers and future consequences of increasing the gap between agricultural advanced technology and the world's advanced level.
At the same time, protecting the ecological environment is an important issue for plant biotechnology. The serious pesticide poisoning incident in Guatemala in Central America between the 1950s and the 1990s occurred among cotton agricultural workers and eventually led to the collapse of the Latin American cotton industry. In China and other countries, the damage caused by cotton bollworm is very serious, and the cotton planting area has dropped sharply in a period of time. One of the consequences of the heavy use of insecticides is the rapid increase in the resistance of cotton bollworm, and cotton farmers have to give up cotton. Bt-transformed insect-resistant cotton came into being in this situation. The transgenic insect-resistant cotton is welcomed by the cotton farmers. Due to the significant reduction in the use of insecticidal pesticides, many beneficial and harmless insects in the field are protected from killing.
Genetically engineered crops have very broad application prospects in terms of increasing yield, improving quality, enhancing plant drought tolerance, cold resistance, resistance to salinity, and improving disease resistance and resistance in plants. Therefore, the development of genetically modified organisms is a requirement of the times and an inevitable result of scientific development.
The insecurity of GMO projects has been exaggerated but unfortunately, this high technology that can protect the ecological environment has still suffered from some "ecologicalists". Some media also made a big splash in the event that the corn pollen carrying the Bt gene was poisoned.
Zhu Xi, deputy director of the Institute of Genetics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that when any new technology comes out, it is often not perfect. Controversy and opposition are also normal. However, as a trend of human technological progress and a global technological policy, society should make timely and wise judgments on it.
Professor Lin Zhongping said that the truth is very simple. As with the application of fire, the application of anti-nuclear energy, and the application of networks, there must be strict and co-conforming regulations. However, we do not agree with Greenpeace’s anti-science trend of thought and behavior. We also disapprove of some media's attitude toward scientifically-analyzed genetically modified products and mislead the public. One view is that although GM foods have not been found to be harmful and have not proved to be harmless in the future, it is better not to eat them. The people who hold this opinion advocated that the GM technology was tardy, but Lin Zhongping believed that at the beginning of the invention of the train, it was asserted that if the speed exceeds 40 kilometers per hour, people must go mad. After having an aircraft, if it is proved that the flight is harmless to humans, it is difficult to give absolute answers now and in the future.
Experts believe that exploration is endless. We must not be deterred from further exploration and should not be obstructed. Steam engines, electricity, nuclear energy, aerospace, electronic technology, network information, and even genetic technology are all crucial to human progress. In the early days of their development, people often had some doubts.
Therefore, the task of scientists is to play a favorable role in maximizing their elimination. For example, when people introduce an unknown gene into certain plants, one needs to see if the product of the gene will cause an allergic reaction through the food or pollen pathway. This possibility must be evaluated.
Experts believe that the vast majority of molecular biologists are in favor of actively promoting the application of genetically modified organisms, and they also support strict regulatory measures for transgenic plants and products. This is why the Chinese government has issued the Regulations on the Safety Management of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms.
Super monsters will not appear. When some sensational reports think that any future monsters will be created, experts believe that this is nonsense!
Professor Lin Zhongping said that the new transgenic technology has expanded the scope of gene transfer and expanded the scope of human use of genetic resources. This is exactly what many breeders strive to achieve. It is not like some media have rendered: After that, genes can flow freely between species.
In the process of species formation, it has also formed its own special reproductive methods, special reproductive physiology characteristics, and formed a relative barrier between species isolated on the reproductive. Transgenic plants acquire a new gene and impart new traits through special genetic manipulations, but they still maintain a species-specific reproductive isolation. Modern genetic manipulation techniques still follow the laws of nature. Because scientists have mastered the laws of nature more deeply, they find ways to enter the treasure house of the gene. They can use the genetic resources of nature more quickly and more objectively to create a new generation of plant and animal products. The pioneers of science have created artificially selected and forced crossbreeds to create superior varieties that are not present in nature (these varieties will not exist in wild conditions). GM technology is definitely not a sinister act.
For example, experts say that about 3.5 billion years of life history has created a variety of species, which contain different genetic information. The exchange of information between organisms includes the phenomenon that DNA transmission is a universal phenomenon in nature and a species evolution. People have long known that if the scope of a biological genetic material exchange is too narrow, it is likely to cause degradation of the population. The cause of a species' inability to adapt to a changing environment and extinction. Super monsters can't appear.
The potential of genetically engineered organisms is beyond doubt The Luo Mingdian professor of the Institute of Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences believes that there is no doubt that the 21st century life sciences will shine. Biotechnology, including plant genetic technology, is making rapid progress. Scientists and regulatory authorities are very careful to carry out field trials of transgenic plants for many years under controlled conditions.
In 1996, the GM tomatoes first entered the market, and many people still had a skeptical and wait-and-see attitude. However, this did not stop the rapid advancement of GM technology. It is estimated that global genetically modified crops will reach 44.2 million hectares in 2000. In 2000, it was 11% higher than in 1999. In the United States and other six countries, herbicide-tolerant genetically modified soybeans have reached 25.8 million hectares, accounting for 59% of the global acreage. Although European countries boycott high-quality, cheap genetically modified products from the United States, important crops such as soybeans, cotton, corn, rapeseed, etc. The GM products are still growing at a very high rate. Thousands of U.S. genetically modified foods have not found an unsafe accident. Although the United States, as the world’s largest exporter of agricultural products, has experienced setbacks in the international agricultural product market, the American people in its domestic market have no choice but to consume large quantities of genetically modified products.
It is estimated that in 2000, the area of ​​global GM crops planted was 44.2 million hectares or 109.2 million acres. It is worth noting that the year 2000 was the first time that the global acreage exceeded 100 million acres and reached almost 45 million hectares. Analysis and comparison of this data, 44.2 million hectares of land is almost twice the size of Britain’s land area. The growth rate of GM crops between 1999 and 2000 was 11%, which increased by 4.3 million hectares or 10.6 million acres in one year.
In the past five years from 1996 to 2000, the number of GM crops in the world has increased by 25 times, from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to 44.2 million hectares in 2000. This growth trend reflects that farmers in both industrialized and developing countries have gradually accepted GM crops. Moreover, in the five years from 1996 to 2000, the number of countries planting GM crops also more than doubled, from 6 in 1996 to 9 in 1998, to 12 in 1999 and 13 in 2000. .
At the same time, developing countries have also recognized the great significance of genetically modified organisms and have also started to plant genetically modified organisms. From 1996 to 2000, comparing the planting area of ​​GM crops in industrialized and developing countries, it can be seen that 85% of the global area is planted in industrialized countries. However, the area under cultivation of GM food in developing countries has increased year after year: from 14% in 1997, to 16% in 1998, 18% in 1999, to 24% growth in 2000. Thus, in 2000, about one-quarter of the 44.2 million hectares of GM crops planted in the world, or 10.7 million hectares, were planted in developing countries. The area of ​​GM crops is estimated to have increased from 39.9 million hectares in 1999 to 44.2 million hectares in 2000, making the global area increase by 4.3 million hectares in 2000, an increase of 11% compared to 1999, and an increase of all these 4.3 million hectares. Of the total area, there are 3.6 million hectares, equivalent to 84% growth in developing countries.
Finally, experts believe that the progress of China's agricultural biotechnology needs to be backed by the business community. If biotechnology is hindered, the stagnation of biotechnology at the laboratory stage will not allow sufficient funds to enter the stage of rapid development. If we cannot grasp the opportunities for the advancement of agricultural biotechnology, our country with a long history of agriculture will have a long-term future in the future of international competition.
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