Yellowing disease is a common issue in fruit trees, characterized by the yellowing or whitening of leaves due to impaired chlorophyll synthesis. This condition is frequently observed in apple-growing regions of the Guanzhong area in Shaanxi Province, and it also affects other fruit crops like peaches, apricots, and plums. The problem has been particularly severe in recent years, leading to poor fruit quality, reduced sugar content, lower firmness, and diminished storage stability, which significantly impacts farmers' income and motivation.
In 2003-2004, the outbreak of yellowing disease was widespread, prompting farmers to try various remedies such as foliar sprays, irrigation, and hanging nutrient bottles. However, most of these methods had limited success. In response, our company conducted extensive research on the causes and potential solutions for this issue. We have now compiled our findings and hope to share them with agricultural professionals to foster better understanding and collaboration.
We studied several severely affected orchards and greenhouses in the Guanzhong region, collecting soil samples during three key growth stages: dormancy, fruit setting, and fruit development. We compared these samples with those from healthy orchards to analyze essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, and trace elements like iron, boron, zinc, and manganese.
Our analysis revealed that most cases of yellowing disease were caused by either an absolute deficiency or a relative imbalance of certain nutrients. Absolute deficiencies occur when the soil lacks essential elements, often due to overuse of chemical fertilizers and neglect of micronutrients. Over time, this leads to soil depletion and nutritional imbalances.
Relative deficiencies, on the other hand, occur when the soil contains sufficient nutrients, but environmental or physiological factors prevent the plants from absorbing them effectively. Factors such as nutrient fixation, slow movement in the soil, and competition among nutrients can all contribute to this issue.
For example, excessive use of phosphate fertilizers can lead to nutrient fixation, making it difficult for plants to absorb iron, magnesium, and manganese. Similarly, soils with high pH or heavy texture may hinder the movement of boron and other micronutrients, leading to slower uptake.
Additionally, competition between nutrients can cause imbalances. Even if the soil contains enough calcium, for instance, it might not be absorbed properly due to interactions with other elements. These complex interactions highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to nutrient management.
The long-term effects of improper fertilizer use—such as soil compaction and nutrient imbalance—can ultimately lead to yellowing disease. To address this, we recommend a step-by-step strategy that combines balanced fertilization with targeted supplementation of missing nutrients.
We believe that addressing the root cause—unbalanced and excessive use of chemical fertilizers—is essential. A scientifically designed fertilization plan, based on soil analysis and crop needs, can help restore balance. Regular applications of micronutrients, plant regulators, and absorption enhancers can further support plant health and improve yield over time.
Yangling Taide Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.
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