Jinfu mushroom, also known as the giant mushroom or lobayi mushroom, is a newly developed high-quality edible fungus that has gained popularity for its rich flavor and nutritional value. The fruiting body is thick, tender, and sweet with a pleasant aroma, making it highly sought after in both domestic and international markets. On average, it yields 10-15 kg of fresh mushrooms per square meter, with a market price of 5-7 yuan per kilogram. When dried, it can reach up to 150-180 yuan per kilogram. As a high-temperature variety, it thrives during the summer season, allowing farmers to capture a significant share of the summer mushroom market due to its excellent economic returns.
To successfully cultivate Jinfu mushrooms, several key technical measures must be followed:
1. **Site Selection**: Choose a location near a water source with good drainage and sandy soil. Ensure the area is well-drained to prevent waterlogging, which can hinder growth.
2. **Planting Season**: Since Jinfu is a high-temperature variety, it should be planted when the temperature ranges between 16-32°C. The best planting periods are from March to May and again from May to October.
3. **Planting Spacing**: Arrange the spawn bags at 25 cm by 15 cm spacing, with 25-30 bags per square meter. This ensures optimal space for mycelium development and mushroom growth.
4. **Soil Covering Technique**: After the mycelium has fully colonized the substrate, the bags are placed into trenches 20-30 cm deep. A layer of lime powder is applied on top to sterilize and control pests. The plastic bags are then removed, and the substrates are arranged vertically with 3-5 cm gaps filled with sterilized soil. Bamboo arches are used to cover the planting area, and black plastic film is placed over the top to maintain moisture.
5. **Fruiting Management**: After covering the soil, keep the environment humid but avoid excessive moisture. Maintain a relative humidity of 85-90% and a temperature between 10-30°C. Ensure proper ventilation to promote the formation of primordia. The mycelium usually reaches the surface within 15 days, and the first flush of mushrooms appears after 25-30 days.
6. **Harvesting**: Mushrooms typically mature 5-7 days after the formation of buds. Harvest when the caps are thick and compact, and the veil is still intact to ensure the best quality. Delayed harvesting leads to over-ripening and reduced quality, while premature harvesting affects yield. After each harvest, clean the substrate, remove old mycelium and stubs, and dry the surface to prevent water accumulation. After five days of drying, re-water the bed to stimulate the next flush. Usually, three harvests can be obtained per cycle.
7. **Pest and Disease Control**: Although Jinfu mushrooms have strong resistance, they are still vulnerable to mold and pests. After harvesting, promptly remove leftover mushrooms, stipes, and dead primordia. Keep the growing area clean to prevent infestation. If flies appear, apply insecticide diluted 800-1500 times. For fungal infections like green mold or Penicillium, use a 500-times dilution of carbendazim or penicillin spray.
By following these detailed cultivation techniques, farmers can maximize yield and quality, ensuring a profitable and sustainable Jinfu mushroom farming operation.
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