1. Seed Disinfection: Proper seed disinfection helps eliminate pathogens that are attached to the surface of the seeds and some that may be embedded inside. You can use a 3000-fold diluted solution for seed coating or soak the seeds in warm water at 55-60°C for effective sterilization. This step is crucial in reducing the risk of early-stage diseases.
2. Seed Germination: After disinfection, soak the seeds in warm water below 30°C for approximately 8 hours. Rinse them again and place them in a gauze bag. Keep the seeds in a warm environment between 25-30°C and turn them regularly to ensure even germination. Clean the seeds every other day to maintain proper moisture levels and promote uniform sprouting.
3. Soil Disinfection: To prepare the seedbed, apply a 2000-fold diluted solution per square meter or spray 1500-fold diluted pure soil ling evenly across the bed. For plots affected by root-knot nematodes, it's recommended to apply nematode insecticides such as rice bran to prevent infestation and improve plant health.
4. Rational Fertilization: To cultivate strong and healthy seedlings, make sure to apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting. A typical recommendation is 80-120 kg of compound fertilizer per acre. This ensures the plants have enough nutrients from the start, promoting vigorous growth.
5. Temperature and Humidity Control: Water the seeds thoroughly when sowing, but avoid overwatering during the seedling stage. Maintain a temperature between 24-30°C during this period to encourage rapid and uniform emergence. Proper humidity control is essential for healthy seedling development.
6. Pest and Disease Management: During the seedling stage, common diseases include blight, anthracnose, damping-off, gray mold, and root rot. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to preventing these issues. Local agricultural services, such as the Hubei Dangyang Agricultural 110 Service Center, provide valuable guidance and support for managing these challenges effectively.
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