First, pond selection: Choose a pond area of 2 to 5 acres with a flat bottom and minimal silt. The water depth should be between 1 to 1.2 meters, and the water source must be clean and free from pollution. This ensures a stable and healthy environment for shrimp breeding.
Second, pre-filling preparation: About 10 days before stocking broodstock, apply lime at a rate of 75-100 kg per acre to disinfect the pond. After 2-3 days, fill the water to a depth of 60-80 cm. Before filling, make sure to use an 80-mesh filter to prevent unwanted organisms from entering the pond.
Third, selecting broodstock: The selected shrimp should be at least 5 cm in size, healthy, disease-free, and capable of carrying eggs. These criteria ensure that only the strongest individuals are used for breeding, increasing the chances of successful hatching.
Fourth, incubation methods: There are two common ways to hatch shrimp eggs. One method is to place the egg-carrying shrimp directly into the main pond for natural incubation. Another method involves placing the females in small mesh cages (2m x 1m x 1m) within a nursery pond. These cages should be fine enough to prevent the broodstock from escaping and should include some aquatic plants or poplar roots to provide shelter. Each cage can hold about 2-3 kg of eggs, and each acre requires around 10 kg of eggs. It's important to maintain consistent egg color across the same pond to ensure uniform larval development.
During the incubation period, feed the broodstock twice daily with pellets, crushed snail meat, soybean meal, or similar feeds. The daily feeding amount should be 3-5% of their body weight, and this can be adjusted based on their activity and condition.
When the eggs are nearly ready to hatch, the shrimp and eggs will turn black and show dark spots. At this stage, the broodstock may become aggressive and start eating the newly hatched larvae, so it's crucial to monitor them closely.
Fifth, feeding and management of shrimp: Three days after hatching, when the larvae have absorbed their yolk sac, begin feeding them with soy milk at a rate of 0.5-1 kg per acre, applied in the morning and afternoon. As the shrimp grow, gradually increase the feed quantity and introduce soybean meal, wheat flour, fish meal, or fish paste.
The entire hatching process usually takes about 25 to 30 days, during which the larvae undergo approximately nine stages of metamorphosis. On average, one kilogram of egg-carrying shrimp can produce around 100,000 shrimp seedlings.
Throughout the rearing process, maintaining proper water quality is essential. Keep the water clarity at around 30 cm to ensure the water is rich in nutrients and cool. Add fresh water once a week by 15 cm in the later stages. Also, remove frog eggs daily to avoid competition for food and reduce waste.
Finally, when harvesting the shrimp seedlings, avoid windy conditions to prevent them from getting stuck in the nets. Additionally, when introducing shrimp into the pond, ensure the water temperature difference does not exceed 3°C, as sudden changes can cause high mortality rates.
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