In recent years, integrated aquaculture systems combining lotus root and astragalus cultivation have gained popularity. Typically, this method yields around 800 to 1,000 kg of lotus root per acre, along with 150 to 200 kg of fresh fish and 40 to 60 kg of astragalus. This system is beneficial because the lotus roots help promote the natural growth of astragalus, while the astragalus contributes to soil aeration and increased lotus yield. Additionally, the presence of lotus roots improves water quality and creates a healthier environment for fish, supporting their overall development.
The first step involves preparing the pond. The ideal size ranges from 2 to 5 mu (approximately 0.3 to 0.8 hectares), with an average water depth of 1.2 meters. The water source must be clean, and the pond should have good water circulation. Before planting, about 50% of the pond surface is covered with lotus leaves. Prior to stocking fish, 180 kg of lime per acre is applied to disinfect the pond and eliminate unwanted fish and pathogens. After a few days, 1,000 kg of organic fertilizer is added, and fish are introduced after a week.
Next, conventional fish stocking takes place between April and May. Large fish species weighing over 100 grams are stocked at a rate of 400 fish per acre, with 50% carp, 30% grass carp, and 20% silver carp. Herbivorous fish are avoided to prevent damage to the astragalus leaves, and carnivorous species are not included to avoid competition for food and potential conflicts.
Astragalus seedlings are introduced 20 to 30 days after fish stocking. Healthy seedlings with bright color, abundant mucus, and uniform size are selected, with 20 to 30 kg per acre at a weight of 25 to 30 grams each. Before placing them in the pond, the seedlings are soaked in a 3% saline solution for 15 to 20 minutes to ensure disease resistance.
Feeding and management involve providing astragalus with food such as quail, clams, and small fish, with 10 to 15 kg of each per acre. Juveniles bred in the pond can also serve as feed. On the day of fish stocking, 500 kg of organic manure is applied per acre. During summer, inorganic fertilizers like superphosphate and urea are used regularly, with 5 kg of superphosphate and 2 kg of urea per mu every other day. Fertilization occurs every 10 to 15 days.
In autumn, excess floating leaves and old foliage are removed to maintain good water circulation. About 50 to 100 kg of well-decomposed organic fertilizer is added per acre. In addition to live feed like hydrolyzed silkworms, daily feeding with homemade pellets made from corn, bran, fish meal, and vitamins is recommended, twice a day, ensuring consumption within two hours.
During hot seasons, water is changed weekly by draining old water and adding new. If oxygen levels drop, aerators are used immediately, and additional water is added. Ponds are disinfected every three weeks starting in June using 20 kg of quicklime or 1 kg of bleaching powder per acre. Fishery drugs are alternated with fertilization to avoid negative interactions.
Finally, timely fishing is essential. Small fish are harvested early, while larger fish weighing over 1 kg are caught in late August using large mesh nets. Astragalus is harvested using trap cages to keep smaller plants and later through drying the pond. By late November, lotus roots are manually dug up from the muddy corners of the pond, ensuring a complete and efficient harvest.
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