In the current season, it's a hot and rainy period, with high temperatures, heavy rainfall, tropical cyclones, and intense thunderstorms frequently affecting agricultural crops, especially early rice and vegetables. These weather conditions can cause significant damage to crop growth, yield, and market supply.
(1) High Temperature: Prolonged exposure to extreme heat can negatively impact vegetable growth, reduce yield, and even lead to a "deep autumn" scenario in vegetable supply. For instance, tomatoes at the early flowering stage exposed to temperatures above 40°C may experience flower drop, with longer exposure leading to lower fruit set rates. Similarly, kidney beans suffer from reduced pollination when temperatures exceed 30°C, and cucumbers see a decline in net assimilation when temperatures go above 32°C. In Guangdong, where summer is long and hot, even heat-tolerant crops like melons and cowpeas struggle, while water spinach and pumpkins grow better than usual.
To mitigate this, farmers should plant fruit vegetables like tomatoes and peppers in spring rather than late, ensure proper watering and fertilization to promote strong seedlings, and use shade nets or intercropping with tall plants such as eggplants and sweet peppers to provide cooling. Sprinkler irrigation during hot days is effective for cooling, but avoid watering during peak heat hours to prevent sudden temperature drops that can harm plants. Applying growth regulators like 2.4-D or p-oxyphenoxyacetic acid can also help reduce flower drop caused by high temperatures.
(2) Heavy Rain: Excessive rain can be damaging to vegetables. It can wash away seeds after sowing, leading to poor germination, or wash away young seedlings, causing wilting after sunny periods. Additionally, heavy rain can damage delicate seedlings, reduce yields, and lead to higher prices due to reduced supply.
To manage this, improving drainage systems, building dikes, and using raised beds are essential. Farmers should drain water promptly after rain, clean silt from plants, remove damaged leaves, and allow the soil to dry before planting again. Deep plowing and adding organic matter can improve soil structure and water infiltration, reducing the risk of waterlogging.
(3) Tropical Cyclones: These storms can cause direct damage to crops by breaking scaffolds, uprooting plants, and destroying foliage. The accompanying heavy rain can flood low-lying fields, leading to root rot and soil compaction. After the storm, high humidity and temperature create ideal conditions for pests and diseases, further reducing yields and increasing market prices.
Preventive measures include establishing early warning systems, creating windbreaks, reinforcing farm structures, and planning crop layouts to minimize risks. Post-disaster recovery efforts and improved legislation for disaster management are also crucial.
(4) Thermal Thunderstorms: Common in the afternoon during hot, humid days, these storms bring strong winds, lightning, and heavy rain. While they can add some oxygen to the soil, they often cause more harm than good, especially to young seedlings and leafy vegetables.
The best defense is to irrigate immediately after rain using sprinklers. This helps restore moisture, improve root respiration, and flush away debris on leaves, which benefits plant growth and reduces disease risk. Regular watering also helps maintain optimal humidity levels, promoting healthy development.
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