(1) Harvesting and Processing
Harvesting can be done throughout the year, but it is generally recommended to collect the plant during the summer and autumn seasons when its medicinal properties are most potent. At the time of harvest, the above-ground parts of the plant are carefully cut, transported promptly, and then processed into dried herbal products.
Fresh medicinal materials should be cleaned thoroughly by removing any soil and impurities before being spread out in a clean, well-ventilated area for drying. The drying process should continue until the material is completely dry and free from moisture, ensuring long-term preservation and quality.
(b) Medicinal Properties and Product Specifications
The whole plant typically measures between 50 to 200 cm in length. It has cylindrical stems that are firm and highly branched, with noticeable thickening at certain sections. The surface of the dry stem appears dark green or brown, featuring fine longitudinal wrinkles. When cut open, a clear ring of leaf sheath marks is visible, along with round lenticels on the thicker parts of the stem. The stem is brittle and breaks easily, with a light brown cross-section and a hollow center. The edges are fibrous.
The leaves are arranged oppositely on the stem. The petioles are sturdy and clasp the stem at their base. The leaf blades are leathery, wrinkled, and prone to breaking. They range in color from green to brownish when dried, measuring 5 to 15 cm in length and 5 to 7 cm in width. The shape is ovate-lanceolate or oblong, with coarsely serrated margins. The tip of the leaf is brown and smooth, often slightly curled toward the back. Small spikes may appear near the top, which are also brown in color. The plant has a faintly fragrant aroma and a slightly bitter taste. For optimal quality, the leaves, stems, and overall color should remain green.
The medicinal product is primarily composed of grass-like parts, and it is usually sorted into different grades based on size, color, and quality.
(3) Packaging and Storage
The dried medicinal herbs are bundled together and wrapped securely using furoshiki (a traditional Japanese cloth). These bundles are then stored in a cool, dry place to maintain their potency and prevent spoilage. Proper packaging and storage are essential to ensure the longevity and effectiveness of the herbal product.
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