The coypu, also known as the nutria, is a semi-aquatic rodent that measures between 50 to 60 cm in body length and weighs approximately 5 to 6 kg. Its fur is predominantly gray-brown and shiny, with a large head, prominent front teeth, and exposed lips. A distinctive feature is the white ring around its nose and a thick white beard on either side of the mouth. The ears are wide and short, while the eyes are small. The forelimbs are short and strong, and the hind limbs are longer, allowing it to swim efficiently. There are no fistulas between the first and second toes, but tendons are present between the other digits. The tail is cone-shaped, sparsely covered with hair, and has horny scales.
Coypus are primarily herbivorous and live in freshwater environments such as rivers, lakes, swamps, and streams that remain unfrozen year-round. They prefer areas with abundant vegetation and build burrows up to 3 to 5 meters long and 1 to 2 meters deep, or construct nests made of water plants. These nests resemble mounds and are often surrounded by dense vegetation for cover. Coypus are mostly nocturnal, have poor eyesight, and are sensitive to light and sound. They can detect even the slightest noises, especially when predators are near. Their fur changes twice a year, mainly from March to May and August to September.
Although they move clumsily on land, coypus are excellent swimmers and divers. They can live up to 8 to 9 years in the wild, with natural predators including carnivores and birds of prey. Due to their high economic value, coypus are widely farmed for their fur, meat, fat, and other by-products. Their fur is thick, soft, and durable, making it ideal for high-end clothing. Coypu meat, known internationally as "Hailong meat," is rich in protein, low in fat, and contains essential amino acids and minerals like zinc, calcium, and selenium. It is also beneficial for heart health and blood circulation. Coypu oil is used in cosmetics, while their bones and tails are used in traditional medicine for treating conditions like rheumatism and aiding bone healing. Their tendons are processed into surgical sutures that promote tissue repair.
Coypus are easy to raise due to their gentle nature and fast reproduction rate. They primarily eat plant-based feed, such as grasses, aquatic plants, vegetables, and grains. For optimal growth, each pair of coypus requires about 200–250 kg of green feed and 40–50 kg of grain annually. Farming sites should be located on elevated, dry ground with good drainage, sandy soil, and some shade. Farms should be at least 500–1000 meters away from livestock to prevent disease spread. In colder regions, heating systems are necessary during winter.
Cage farming is common, with sheds built using materials like wood, bamboo, or steel. The sheds are usually 1.2–1.5 meters high, with cement floors and walls to prevent digging. Each cage is designed to hold multiple animals, and feeding areas include vegetable storage, grain bins, and water sources. Coypus need a balanced diet, including animal-based feeds like fish meal, egg yolk, and milk, which help improve fur quality and reproductive success. Supplements containing vitamins and minerals are added to ensure overall health.
In summary, the coypu is not only an important species for ecological balance but also a valuable resource in agriculture and industry. With proper care and management, coypu farming can be both profitable and sustainable.
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