(1) Harvesting and Processing
Harvesting can be done throughout the year, but it is most effective during the summer and autumn seasons. When harvesting, the above-ground parts of the plant are collected, transported promptly, and then processed into dried medicinal products. Fresh medicinal materials should be cleaned by removing any soil and impurities before being spread out in a clean, well-ventilated area to air dry thoroughly.
(b) Medicinal Properties and Product Specifications
The whole plant typically measures between 50 to 200 cm in length. The stems are cylindrical, firm, and highly branched, with noticeable thickening at certain sections. The surface of the dried stem appears dark green or brown, featuring fine longitudinal wrinkles. When cut open, there is a distinct circular pattern of leaf sheath marks, and round lenticels are visible on the thicker parts of the stem. The stem is brittle and breaks easily, with a light brown cross-section and a hollow center, while the edges remain fibrous. The leaves are arranged oppositely, with hard petioles that clasp the stem. The leaf blades are leathery, wrinkled, and prone to breaking, ranging in color from green to brownish when dried. They measure 5–15 cm in length and 5–7 cm in width, with an ovate-lanceolate or oblong shape. The leaf margins are coarsely serrated, and the tip often has a brown, smooth gland. The leaves tend to curl slightly along their back edge, with small spikes and a brownish tinge at the top. The plant has a mild, fragrant aroma and a slightly bitter taste. For quality, the leaves, stems, and overall color should be green.
The medicinal product is primarily composed of grassy parts, and it is usually sorted into different grades based on size, color, and quality.
(3) Packaging and Storage
The dried medicinal herbs are bundled together and wrapped with furoshiki (a traditional Japanese wrapping cloth) for protection. They should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their potency and quality over time. Proper packaging helps prevent moisture absorption and ensures the product remains suitable for long-term use.
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