Release date: 2016-08-31
The latest issue of Forbes looks at the five major technologies that will affect the world in the next 15 years – new computer architecture, genomics, nanotechnology, energy storage technology and robotics. The article said that as these technologies complement each other and develop together, humans will begin to control the physical world. The explanation for "genomics" is that the human genome was first decoded in 2003, and its related expenses exceeded $3 billion. By 2030, the human genome sequencing technology will be improved and the cost will be less than $100. At present, humans have applied genomics to medical fields such as cancer treatment to treat diseases such as breast cancer through the genetic makeup of patients. By 2030, genomics will combine with immunotherapy to fight cancer by stimulating human autoimmunity, making cancer a curable disease.
"The innovation of human genome sequencing technology has promoted the era of precision medicine." Academician Zhan Qimin, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and director of the Peking University School of Medicine, said.
Since the beginning of this century, with the development of in-depth, high-throughput sequencing technology for genomic research, human beings have a new understanding of life. In 2015, the United States proposed to implement a precision medicine program, which caused strong repercussions around the world.
What is “precise medicine†begins with a specific case.
The 23-year-old Wang Qiang suffers from hypertension for more than three years. He has been unable to control four kinds of antihypertensive drugs. He has detected the gene after sudden cerebral infarction and found an autosomal dominant gene mutation, which is diagnosed as pseudo-aldosteronism. .
"This is one of the most common causes of monogenic hereditary hypertension. Patients often develop high blood pressure before the age of 35, accompanied by symptoms such as hypokalemia and hyporenin." Professor Song Lei, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Said, "I gave the patient a targeted drug. As a result, his blood pressure was well controlled and his blood potassium was normal."
Since the previous four medicines were used every day, no matter how effective it is to take one medicine, in our country, some patients have experienced the benefits of precision medicine.
“Even if patients have the same symptoms and suffer from the same disease, they should be treated according to the different characteristics of each person, and choose the treatment that is most likely to benefit, with the least side effects and relatively low cost. The treatment of cardiovascular disease is entering the era of precision medicine.†Hui Yutai, former vice president of Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, said.
In the past decade or so, with the completion of the mapping of human genetic maps, the deepening of the understanding of genetic mutations and disease relationships, precision medicine is coming to people: taking 5 ml of venous blood from pregnant women and searching for free DNA of the fetus through a genetic sequencer. Non-invasive prenatal testing to avoid the birth of newborns with chromosomal diseases such as “Tang Doll (Down's Syndrome)â€; through genetic testing, we can find the genetic targets of cancer patients, achieve accurate drug use, and have become the master of precision medicine. One of the battlefields...
In the microscope era, lung cancer was lung cancer, and stomach cancer was stomach cancer. Nowadays, people have realized that tumors are diseases caused by genetic mutations. Their sensitivity, drug resistance, and prognosis are all related to genes. The genotype of tumors determines the phenotype. It is not necessarily called lung cancer or gastric cancer in the future. A tumor caused by a mutation in a gene.
Not only is the classification of the disease changed, but the classification of the disease is finer and more precise.
So some people say that the precision medicine program is a "sequel" to the Human Genome Project.
"The application of genetic science in the medical field has given birth to precision medicine. Simply put, genetic testing is needed for everyone. The era of precision medicine marks that genetic testing has become one of the important criteria for clinical diagnosis," said Dr. Luo Qibin, a genetic industry observer.
"The current status of clinical disease diagnosis and treatment is like an iceberg. People only see the part on the sea surface. The treatment is also part of the sea surface. The understanding of the huge ice sheet under the sea surface is very limited. This is the current stage of clinical treatment. Limitations." Zhan Qimin, director of the Peking University Medical Department, believes that the development of genomics, proteomics, metabolomes, immune groups and other omics technologies, the emergence of big data analysis tools, and advances in molecular imaging and molecular pathology have made it possible to implement precision medicine. may.
Precision medicine makes medical diagnosis more accurate, treatment more effective, and more importantly, the use of various omics data at the molecular level can help people understand the potential risks of disease, and precision medicine may make essential changes in the current medical system. From the diagnosis and treatment of diseases to the health protection of normal individuals, the medical barrier is moved forward.
"Precise medicine is a historical opportunity for the development of medical science in China, and it is the inevitable development of medical science and technology. It will have a revolutionary impact on the current clinical disease diagnosis methods, disease classification types, clinical diagnosis and treatment paths, and normative guidelines and standards." Zhan Qimin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said .
Source: Beijing Evening News
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