July is the fastest growing month for cotton and the largest amount of growth; it is also a month when the weather is severe, there are many disasters, and serious pests and diseases occur. Most cotton fields entered the flowering stage in early July, and by the end of July, 90% of the vegetative organs and reproductive organs of cotton plants had grown; the root network of cotton was also established in July, forming a peak of absorption of mineral nutrients and moisture. Entering the sky in mid-July is the fastest and largest month for cotton. From the above perspectives, the cotton management in July has a decisive nature. (a) Digging earth. It is good for watering and drainage. It can prevent drought and prevent flooding. It is also conducive to ventilation in the lower part of the cotton field, reducing humidity, increasing the temperature difference between day and night, and is conducive to the improvement of the microclimate in the cotton field. It can prevent rotten bells and lodging and promote root protection. Root has a role. After the cotton fields are uncovered, in combination with the cultivating loose soil, the conditions should be carried out to open up the soil for cultivation, mainly based on machinery and animal power, and artificially assisted. There are cultivator foundations that can be completed at once or in two. The low-lying land should be clear of the drainage system. (b) Prune topping. The purpose of cotton pruning is to regulate nutrient distribution. Second, to improve the structure of the population, and finally to fully utilize water, fertilizer, light, gas, heat and other resources to achieve high cotton yield. The use of vegetative shoots (abbreviated as leaf twigs) should not be extreme, either not leaving one or not. In the cotton field with high density and lack of seedlings, leaves may not be left, but in the thin place, lack of seedlings, and the top of the ground, leaving 1-2 strong leaf shoots per plant can increase the number of bolls per plant; all are retained. Branches of the leaves are not desirable. To date, Fruit branches and leaf buds with very small buds have not yet been resolutely removed at the beginning of July. Branches of the leaves that are strong and have grown fruit branches can be immediately cherished and can no longer be allowed to grow. For example, if there are too many peaches in the front, there will be many shortcomings such as premature aging, deadlock, rotten peach, etc., so all the flowers that have been opened will be taken off in early July so that the cotton plants can save nutrients. More bells. In the cotton field of 2500-3000 strains per acre in the northwestern region of Yunnan and central Yunnan Province, 13-14 fruit pods per plant remain in the top and bottom according to the soil strength and density, and it is necessary to achieve the top cover of autumn peach. Can not be afraid of falling off and greedy and repeatedly postpone the top and blindly keep fruit branches. Planting varieties with higher boll weights not only requires a higher number of bolls but also a higher boll weight. Do not or less to early peach, late peach, will greatly improve the uniformity of bolls. (three) to step up control. Many regions in the north have suffered from drought and drought, and many farmers are afraid to control it. Some cotton fields have not yet undergone the first chemical control, and most of them have problems of late control and low doses. Due to the high temperatures in May and June of this year, the problem of vegetative growth with a certain degree of leanness and weak reproductive growth, with larger shoots and smaller root systems, has been a problem. In the previous section of the cotton field, there was a phenomenon of wilting of cotton plants after a sunny day. After inspection, some of them were neither disease nor fertilizer, mainly due to rapid growth above the ground, large plants, large amounts of transpiration under high temperature, and weak water supply to the roots. Caused by. In order to master the principle of using dilute amines to "see the sky, see the land, and see the seedlings," we should use "seeing the seedlings" as the main principle. As long as cotton seedlings grow at a normal rate, they must be controlled on time. This is called " Actively control, if you control after prosperous, it is "passive control." According to the previous control situation and the current growth of cotton, it is generally controlled 2-3 times in July. The first time in the early flowering period, the use of 1-1.5 grams of dildodomamine; the second time in the flowering period, mu of medication 1- 2 grams, the first time after the topping, mu medication 3-5 grams. Due to the large size of the cotton plant, 20-25 kg of water per acre is sprayed during chemical control, and the top and middle fruit shoots are sprayed. (D) timely fertilizer. The problem of cotton fertilization is the most complex issue in cotton management. It is by no means the more fertilized the higher the yield, and sometimes inappropriate fertilization can lead to the opposite result. According to the analysis of the nutrient elements that make up the cotton plant, 600 kilos of seed cotton per mu does not require too much nutrients, and there is a certain proportional relationship among the nutrient elements. If an element is excessive, it will not only cause waste, but also may affect By absorbing and utilizing other elements, fertilizing is expensive, balanced and scientific. On the basis of applying base fertilizer, cotton usually does not need to be topdressed with available nitrogen before flowering and ringing to avoid excessive nutrition or excessive vegetative growth. The top dressing should flower at its peak (the fourth fruit branch blooms), depending on soil fertility and cotton plants. Mushi urea grows 10-15 kilograms; if the base fertilizer is not applied with potassium fertilizer, or if the amount of potash fertilizer is too small, it should be applied as soon as possible. July's topdressing in cotton fields can be absorbed by cotton plants on both sides of the big line. Don’t make use of the small lines to avoid damaging the originally weak roots. Every year, the fertilization is too close to the cotton plant. Cause wilting. For seedlings that are delayed due to herbicides or diseases, use 1% urea water to perforate the trees, and then spray gibberellic acid no longer. For cotton fields that are too weak to grow due to drought or excessive phosphorus application, urea solution should be sprayed to make the tips of the top and fruit branches stick out as quickly as possible. After cotton is topping, nutrients are preferentially supplied to young bells, and the upper fruit pods are in the state of being most easily defertilized. At this time, topdressing is not only difficult, but also restricted by drought and dry land. Fertilizer should be used to ensure the nutrients required by cotton plants. Foliar spray fertilizer not only saves fertilizer, but also has a fast fertilizer effect. Since most cotton farmers pay attention to the input of diammonium and compound fertilizers each year, relatively speaking, the shortage of available phosphorus in the soil is not so serious, but the demand for phosphorus in cotton is less, so the foliar spray fertilizer should use nitrogen and potassium. Mainly. Urea and potassium sulphate are the best choices. The first is high nutrient content, the second is low cost, and the third is safe use. Spray fertilizer concentration of 2%, more than 1 kg of fertilizer per mu, avoid spraying at noon, must be wet on the back of the cotton leaf. Spray immediately after topping, 8-10 days, potassium after first nitrogen, can be sprayed until August 10th-15th. The principle of cotton dressing is not to overdo it before flowering, and not to defer after flowering. Once de-fertilized, it is difficult to achieve the top of the peach. It is very important to spray two quick-acting potash fertilizers in the later stage for the upper knot bells, big bells, and sprues. The potassium is essential for the development of cotton fiber, so potassium can increase the number of coats. Especially in cotton fields where water has accumulated, spraying potassium is more necessary.
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