Rice-duck eco-planting is an environmentally friendly agricultural technique that enables the simultaneous harvest of rice and ducks, offering a sustainable and healthy model for duck farming. However, to ensure the well-being of the ducks, several key factors must be carefully considered.
First, site selection and layout are crucial. The farm should be located in an area with clean water sources, away from major roads and residential zones to minimize disturbances. The farm should be divided into distinct zones: production, management, and living areas. The production area must be isolated from the others, and no hatchery should be present on the premises. This helps maintain hygiene and reduce disease risks.
China is home to many high-quality duck breeds, such as Beijing Ducks, Cherry Valley Ducks, and Di Gao Ducks. Farmers should choose the breed based on their specific farming system. For example, paddy field ducks are best suited to medium or small-sized breeds, which are more adaptable to the environment and require less space.
Feed is the foundation of duck health and productivity. It must be safe, nutritious, and free from harmful substances like pesticides and hormones. The feed should come from reliable sources, be free from mold, and any additives must comply with national standards. High-quality feed not only improves growth but also enhances the quality of the final product.
Disease prevention is essential. Controlling diseases at the source is the most effective strategy. Farms should implement strict biosecurity measures, including quarantining new ducks, disinfecting people and vehicles entering the site, and maintaining clean water and feed. A "all-in all-out" system can help prevent disease spread, especially if ducks are not introduced from infected areas.
Monitoring antibody levels and conducting regular vaccinations based on the ducks’ health status is important. Non-breeding ducks should follow vaccination schedules recommended by local veterinary authorities. Proper disease control ensures long-term stability and productivity.
The use of veterinary drugs should be minimized. By improving feeding and management practices, ducks can develop stronger immunity, reducing the need for medication. When necessary, only approved drugs from reputable manufacturers should be used, following strict guidelines. Alternatives like herbal medicine, defensins, and yolk antibodies can be effective and safer options.
Drug holidays must be strictly observed, meaning the time between stopping medication and selling the ducks or their products. A scientific dosing schedule should be followed, and drug use records maintained to avoid misuse and interactions. This ensures both animal health and food safety.
Disinfectants should be selected based on their effectiveness, cost, and safety. They should be non-toxic, residue-free, and harmless to both humans and ducks. Using multiple types of disinfectants can enhance effectiveness without causing resistance.
Maintaining a clean and hygienic environment is vital. Duck houses should be regularly cleaned, with good lighting, ventilation, and temperature control. Waste, dead ducks, and excrement must be removed promptly and treated properly, preferably downwind of the farm. Rodent control is also important, and other animals should not be raised on the premises.
Finally, the farm should have facilities for the safe disposal of sick carcasses, manure, and sewage. These should be located in the direction of the wind to prevent contamination. Overall, a well-planned and managed rice-duck eco-farming system can lead to sustainable and profitable duck production while protecting the environment and animal health.
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