(1) Seed Selection: Based on local climatic conditions, soil type, and cultivation practices, select high-quality cowpea varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, exhibit strong stress tolerance, and possess excellent commercial value. The seed quality must meet the second-grade standards outlined in GB8079. It is essential to avoid using genetically modified cowpea seeds to ensure natural and sustainable farming practices.
(2) Seed Processing:
1. Drying: After selection, dry the seeds for 1 to 2 days in a shaded, well-ventilated area to reduce moisture content without direct sunlight exposure.
2. Hot Water Treatment: To eliminate eggs and pathogens on the seed coat, use a hot water treatment method. Soak the selected seeds in approximately 90°C water for a short period, then quickly cool them with cold water to bring the temperature down to 25–30°C. Let the seeds soak for 4–6 hours before slightly drying them before sowing. Due to the sensitivity of cowpea seeds to temperature and humidity changes, it's generally recommended not to pre-germinate them to prevent damage to the young roots.
3. Chemical Treatment: Apply a bean seed coating agent to protect the seeds from soil-borne diseases and improve germination success.
(3) Seedbed Disinfection and Management: Ensure proper disinfection of the seedbed soil, use mulched root nursery pots, and maintain clean greenhouse conditions. Implement pest control measures during the seedling stage, following similar guidelines used for kidney beans. Regular monitoring and hygiene practices are crucial to prevent disease outbreaks and promote healthy plant development. Additionally, consider using organic or biological controls where possible to support environmentally friendly agriculture. Proper irrigation and nutrient management should also be integrated into the seedbed care routine to enhance overall crop performance.
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