(1) Seed Selection: Based on local climatic conditions, soil type, and farming practices, choose high-quality cowpea varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, have strong stress tolerance, and offer good commercial value. The seeds must meet the second-grade standards outlined in GB8079. It is important to avoid using genetically modified cowpea seeds to ensure natural and sustainable production.
(2) Seed Processing:
1. Drying: After selection, dry the seeds for 1 to 2 days in a shaded, well-ventilated area to reduce moisture without direct sunlight exposure.
2. Hot Water Treatment: To eliminate eggs and pathogens on the seed coat, use a hot water treatment method. Soak the selected seeds in approximately 90°C hot water for a short time, then immediately transfer them to cold water to bring the temperature down to 25–30°C. Let the seeds soak for 4–6 hours before sowing, ensuring they are slightly dried afterward. Since cowpea seeds are sensitive to temperature and humidity changes, it's generally not recommended to pre-germinate them before planting to prevent damage to the young roots.
3. Chemical Treatment: Apply a suitable seed dressing agent to protect against fungal infections and improve germination success.
(3) Seedbed Disinfection and Management: Ensure proper disinfection of the seedbed soil, use mulching and nutrient pots for root nursery, and maintain cleanliness in greenhouses. Implement pest control measures during the seedling stage, following similar practices used for kidney beans. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are essential to maintain healthy plant development and prevent disease outbreaks. Proper sanitation and hygiene in the growing area will significantly enhance the survival rate and quality of the seedlings.
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