Fish ponds can be effectively managed by integrating waterfowl such as ducks and geese. These birds contribute to the pond ecosystem by naturally fertilizing the water, which promotes the growth of plankton—providing a rich food source for fish. In addition, ducks swim and move around in the water, increasing oxygen levels, which is essential for healthy fish development. The key techniques involved in combining fish, duck, and goose farming are outlined below:
A duck shelter should be constructed on the shoreline of the reservoir. This shelter should include a brooding area and an activity space. In the brooding shed, it's recommended to keep 30 to 50 brood ducks per square meter, while the activity area can accommodate 5 to 10 larger ducks per square meter. The brooding shed should have insulation to maintain a stable temperature. Bamboo fences or strips can be used to create a 1-meter-high fence with 3-centimeter gaps, allowing for proper ventilation and light.
A water area should be set up near the pond where ducks can swim. A density of 3 to 5 ducks per square meter is ideal. To prevent escape, a barrier made of bamboo or nylon mesh should be placed 0.5 meters above the water surface.
For fish stocking, if the water quality is rich in plankton and nutrients, catfish should make up more than 50% of the stock, with carp, silver carp, and tilapia accounting for 20%, 10%, and 10%, respectively. If there are more aquatic plants, grass carp should dominate, making up over 40% of the population, with the remaining 60% consisting of other species like carp, silver carp, and tilapia.
It is advisable to raise between 50 to 100 ducks per acre. Before introducing fish fingerlings, they should be disinfected. After that, every 15 to 20 days, lime water (5 kg per acre) can be sprinkled to help prevent fish diseases. Alternatively, a mixture of 0.5 kg of garlic, 0.4 kg of salt, and 100 kg of fish can be chopped and mixed into feed, which is then fed continuously for four days to prevent grass carp and bream diseases.
Ducks should also be vaccinated regularly. The duck shelter must remain clean and dry, and their feed should always be fresh and hygienic. It’s important to prevent ducks from eating smaller fish. Therefore, when the fish are less than 0.5 kg in weight, the pond depth should be at least 1.5 meters to protect them from predation.
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