Major Diseases and Control Measures of Vegetables

1. Celery Leaf Spot: This disease causes lesions and ulcers on celery leaves and stems. In the early stages, spraying a 5% Yunda Chuili solution or a 75% chlorothalonil solution diluted 500 to 700 times can effectively manage the infection. It's important to apply the treatment as soon as symptoms appear for best results. 2. Garlic Leaf Blight: This condition mainly affects the leaves and stems of garlic plants. The disease starts at the leaf tips with small pale spots that gradually expand into gray-brown, oval or irregularly shaped lesions. Severe cases can lead to complete wilting of the leaves. To control it, mix 100–150 grams of 50% carbendazim per acre with 20 ml of Yun Da Da-120 in 60 kg of water, and spray the plants every 7 to 10 days. 3. Cucumber Downy Mildew: This disease causes white, frost-like lesions on cucumber leaves, which can significantly reduce yield. Early application of a 75% Best fungicide diluted 600–800 times is recommended. Apply the spray once every 7 days, repeating 1 to 3 times depending on the severity. 4. Cucumber Damping-off Disease: This disease occurs during the seedling stage, causing water-soaked lesions at the base of the stem. The lesions turn brown, dry out, and eventually cause the seedlings to fall over before the cotyledons have fully developed. To prevent this, mix 50 grams of 70% chloronitrobenzene with 5 grams of 80% Yunsheng and apply 10 grams per square meter to the affected area. 5. Melon Stalk Rot: This disease primarily affects the stalks of melon plants, causing damage to the "flower waist" area. To manage it, apply a 2000 (1000 times dilution) or 4000–5000 times dilution of agricultural streptomycin to the base of the stems. 6. Melon Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease appears as a white powdery coating on the leaves and stems. To control it, use a 70% thiophanate-methyl solution diluted 1000 times or a 5% Yun Da Da-120 solution diluted 1500–2000 times. Spray evenly on the plant surfaces. 7. Melon Wilt Disease: This disease leads to yellowing, wilting, and eventual death of the plant. A common method of control is to spray a mixture of 50% thiophanate and Yunda-120 diluted 600–800 times, or to irrigate the roots with anti-dry Ling diluted 400–600 times. 8. Ginger Rot: Also known as ginger borer, this disease affects the underground stems, causing discoloration, softening, and rotting. If infestation is detected, apply 1 kg of lime per acre, along with 40g of 53.8% Bifenthrin and 10ml of Yunda-120 in 50 kg of water. Mix well and apply 2–3 times for effective control. 9. Chinese Cabbage Soft Rot: Early signs include wilting of the outer leaves during midday, which do not recover. As the disease progresses, the leaves turn yellow, shrivel, and fall off, while the stem becomes soft and slimy. To prevent and control it, spray with agricultural streptomycin at 150–200 mg/l or neomycin at 200 mg/l, applying every 5 days for 3–4 consecutive applications. 10. Legume Rust: This disease causes yellowing of branches and damage to pods. It can be controlled by spraying 25% Yun Da Pu Ning at a dilution of 2000–4000 times, every 7–10 days for 2–3 applications. Alternatively, use more than 50% bacterial spirit at 800 times or thiophanate at 600 times for effective management.

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