To successfully breed fish, it's essential to select an appropriate pond. The ideal location should be quiet, with easy access and proximity to both water sources and a urine production pool. The bottom of the pond must be flat and leak-proof, with an area ranging from 1.5 to 2 acres and a depth of about 2 meters. This setup is perfect for raising broodstock.
Next, proper stocking is crucial. The average stocking rate should be between 100 kg to 150 kg per acre. However, this may vary depending on the species—grass carp might require slightly higher stocking, while white catfish should be kept at lower densities.
Moderate fertilization is also important. During spring, when fish gonads are developing, their food intake increases. Organic fertilizers are best for broodstock ponds. For example, squid ponds can use around 70% manure and 30% livestock waste, with cow dung being the main component. In carp ponds, powdered compound feed or bean cake is preferred. Fertilize once a week, applying approximately 200 kg per mu. The amount should be adjusted based on the water conditions, aiming to maintain a transparency of 35 cm to 45 cm. The water color should be yellow-green, oil-blue, or tea-brown. Reduce or stop fertilization one to two weeks before spawning.
Controlling water temperature is another key factor. During sunny days, lower the water level by about 30 cm to increase the temperature. However, if rain or cold weather is expected, refill the pond in advance to slow down the cooling process.
Feeding should be done reasonably. When the water temperature reaches 10°C, broodstock start feeding, and their appetite increases as the temperature rises. Transition from concentrated feeds to green feeds, adjusting the quantity based on temperature and feeding behavior.
Water quality management is essential. The water should remain rich, lively, and cool. Before spring feeding, replace half of the old water with fresh water to maintain a depth of about 1 meter. This helps raise the water temperature and improve energy conversion, promoting broodstock development. Spring flushing is a vital step in stimulating gonad growth. It’s recommended to flush the pond twice a month, adding 5–10 cm of water each time. A week before spawning, flush daily for 2–3 hours, especially for grass carp. Keep the water clear throughout the breeding period, maintaining a transparency above 35 cm.
During flushing, the water flow should be moderate. Too fast may tire the broodstock, while too slow reduces effectiveness. If water supply is limited, you can recirculate pond water or exchange it with adjacent ponds. From late April, begin daily water stimulation for 3 hours to prepare for spawning.
Finally, regular monitoring is necessary to prevent disease. Check the pond early in the morning and in the evening to observe feeding behavior and water clarity, which will help determine feeding and fertilizing schedules. If signs of illness, such as floating heads or abnormal behavior, are detected, add fresh water or use an aerator immediately.
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