To ensure a successful citrus growing season, proper fertilization, pruning, and pest management are essential. Here’s a refined and expanded version of the original content in English:
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**1. Timely Application of Fertilizers to Support Shoot and Bud Development**
(1) **Early Bud Fertilization**: As all citrus varieties begin to bloom, it's crucial to apply bud fertilizer early to support new shoot and bud growth. This helps replenish nutrients in the tree and promotes healthy development. The amount of fertilizer should be adjusted based on the tree's vigor. Weaker trees may require more, while stronger ones need less. For mature trees, applying 2–3 kg of urea and 3–5 kg of compound fertilizer per tree is typically sufficient.
(2) **Foliar Fertilization During Bud Stage**: Spraying foliar fertilizers during the budding period can enhance flower quality. It is recommended to spray 2–3 times before flowering and 1–2 times after flowering. Suitable foliar fertilizers include: 0.4% urea + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1000 times diluted Greenway Fenwei, 500 times diluted Meishi, and 1g of Shifengle per 50kg of water.
(3) **Artificial Pollination in Rainy Conditions**: In rainy weather or when there are few flowers, especially for Shatian pomelo, artificial pollination should be intensified. This increases fruit set and ultimately improves yield.
(4) **Use of Xie Hua Fei to Improve Fruit Setting Rate**: To achieve a 70% fruit setting rate, it's important to apply high-quality, easily available fertilizer at the right time. Depending on the size of the canopy and the number of flowers, apply 10–25 kg of biogas or manure, or 0.5–1.5 kg of compound fertilizer per tree.
**2. Proper Spring Pruning to Reduce Nutritional Conflict Between Shoots and Flowers**
Pruning should be done from the bud stage until the end of April, and should not be delayed.
(1) **Spring Pruning Techniques**: Focus on removing dense branches, over-crowded branches without flowers, and those that are too close to buds or young fruits. This helps balance the tree's energy between vegetative growth and flowering.
(2) **Managing Nutritional Shoots**: Cut back some of the new shoots to reduce competition for nutrients. For example, Wenzhou Tanggan should have the top of the canopy and outer shoots removed. For other varieties like Ligusticum, remove 1/3 to 1/2 of the new shoots. On pomegranate trees, remove 1/2 of the upper vegetative shoots. On the same branch, retain 1–2 flowerless shoots but always cut their tips. However, do not remove flower-bearing shoots.
**3. Scientific Use of Hormones to Enhance Fruit Set**
During flowering and before the second physiological fruit drop, apply "920" (gibberellic acid) at 30–50 ppm for mandarin oranges, pomelos, and oranges. Apply it 5–7 days before the second fruit drop, and do not exceed two applications. For pomelos, "920" can also be applied at 100–200 ppm directly on the stem.
**4. Strengthen Pest Control Measures**
(1) **Remove Diseased Trees**: Promptly clear out trees infected with Huanglongbing (citrus greening) to prevent disease spread.
(2) **Preventive Treatments for Key Pests**:
- **Bud Maggot**: When buds turn white, adult emergence begins 5–7 days later. Spread 1.25 kg of diazinon mixed with 15 kg of fine soil around the base of the tree (within 50 cm). Alternatively, spray 90% trichlorfon at 800 times dilution or 2.5% deltamethrin at 2500 times. Remove damaged buds promptly.
- **Whitefly**: Monitor closely in mid-April. After the first generation emerges, treat twice with a 7-day interval. Options include 10% imidacloprid at 2000 times or 25% propineb at 1000 times.
- **Anthracnose and Scab Disease**: Spray when new shoots are 1–2 cm long, and before the fruit sets. Use 0.3–0.5% Bordeaux mixture, 50% chlorothalonil wettable powder at 500 times, 50% thiophanate-methyl at 600–800 times, or 65% zineb at 600 times.
- **Citrus Spider Mites**: Monitor regularly and treat as needed to prevent infestations.
By following these practices, citrus growers can optimize tree health, improve fruit quality, and increase yields.
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