Pond farming of stingrays is relatively straightforward, as they are not overly demanding in terms of water quality or pond structure. Any land-based or cement ponds with sufficient water supply and good water conditions can be used for stingray cultivation. The typical water depth should be around 1.5 meters, with a pond area ranging from 1 to 4 acres. Ten to fifteen days before stocking, the pond should be treated by applying 130 kg of lime slurry per mu. After disinfection, the pond is filled with water to a depth of 0.8–1 meter. Then, 300 kg of fermented organic fertilizer is added per mu during the first 3–4 days to promote the growth of natural food sources for the stingrays.
Stingray fingerlings are usually stocked between March and April each year. It is common to raise 2,000–3,000 fingerlings per acre, each weighing 10–20 grams. To make better use of water space and available feed resources, it’s advisable to mix in other species such as squid (about 600 individuals), small fish (around 200), and larvae (about 200) per mu. Before stocking, the fingerlings should be soaked in a 3–5% salt solution for 10 minutes. Yellow sturgeon should be introduced first, followed by other species after 10 days to support the growth of the main fish.
Stingrays are omnivorous and can be fed a variety of feeds, including animal-based options like small fish, shrimp, snail meat, and livestock by-products, as well as plant-based materials such as soybean cake, peanut meal, bran, and bean dregs. Commercial compound feed can also be used. A recommended formula includes: 15% fishmeal, 35% soybean cake, 30% bran, 5% corn, 5% eucalyptus leaves, 8.5% barley, 1% growth hormone, and 0.5% salt. Feeding should be done once daily in the afternoon, with the morning portion accounting for one-third of the total and the afternoon portion two-thirds. Water changes are typically done every 15–20 days in spring and every 7–10 days in summer, adding 10–15 cm of water each time to maintain a water clarity of about 35 cm.
For small-scale home pond culture, a limited number of stingrays can be raised. Typically, 60–70 stingrays per acre, each weighing 30–40 grams, are stocked. The mix of species and proportions remain consistent with traditional methods. Management follows standard fish farming practices, and under existing conditions, an additional 10 kg of stingrays per acre can be produced without extra investment.
Cage farming is another effective method, using polyethylene nets with mesh sizes of 2–3 cm. The cages are generally 12–24 m² in size and 2 meters deep. Bamboo or wooden frames are used, with floats made of cylindrical foam and pebbles at the bottom. One week before stocking, the cages are placed in water to allow algae to grow on the mesh, which helps prevent injury to the fish. These cages are set up in clean, oxygen-rich waters such as lakes, reservoirs, or rivers, with a spacing of 2–3 meters between them.
Fish are introduced before and after the Spring Festival. Before placing them in the cage, the fish are immersed in a 5% salt solution. Stocking density is usually around 100–150 fish per square meter. Some groupers or small fish can also be added to the cage to help utilize feed and keep the environment clean.
Artificial compound feed is ideal for cage-raised stingrays, and feeding is typically done twice daily. The daily feed amount should be 3–6% of the fish's body weight. Regular monitoring of fish behavior and feeding activity is essential to adjust feeding amounts accordingly. The cage should be cleaned every 5–7 days, and any attached debris removed. It's important to check the cage structure regularly to prevent damage and fish escape.
Jasmine Tea,Tea With Jsamine Flower,Jasmine Russia Green Tea,Special Jasmine Green Tea
DIYAS development Limited , https://www.diyastea.com