Sorghum is highly resistant to stress, mainly planted in arid and semi-arid areas with infertile land, saline-alkali land and low-lying areas, with poor soil conditions and low yield. Through scientific cultivation techniques and fine management, the selection of sorghum varieties, the application and management of water and fertilizer, rational close planting, crop rotation, pest control can greatly improve the yield of sorghum.
Election
It is not advisable for the sorghum to be used for continuous rotation. The requirements for the former are not strict, and corn, soybeans and potato can be used. However, because sorghum is sensitive to pesticides, the pesticides used in the former crops should be considered. The pesticides with long residual period cannot be used in the former sputum. Otherwise, phytotoxicity will be caused to sorghum, which will seriously affect sorghum production.
Site preparation
Advocate the autumn land preparation to ensure the spring soil moisture, so that the autumn as deep as possible and the depth of cultivation is consistent, generally about 25 ~ 30cm.
Variety selection and seed treatment
Variety selection: Select the high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant, adaptable, and suitable for mechanized cultivation recommended by the national appraisal or Liaoning province. “Shenza 5†“Liaoza 4â€
Seed treatment: germination test, germination test before sowing is the basis for determining the seeding rate, and the seed germination rate can be seeded when it is above 95%.
Seed selection and sun-breeding: Before sowing, the seeds should be selected or screened, and the seeds with large and full seeds should be selected for seeding and planting for 2 to 3 days to achieve high emergence rate, rapid germination, neat emergence, and robust seedling growth.
Soaking seeds: In the afternoon before sowing, the seeds are immersed in warm water of 30-40 °C, and the glutinous grains floating on the top are removed, soaked for 3 to 4 hours. After the seeds are saturated with water, the seeds are stuffed with towels for 10 to 12 hours. It is usually one night, kept at 25 ~ 30 ° C, the next day after the seeds sprout (white tip) can be sown.
Seed dressing: The sorghum seed can be coated with a special seed coating agent 3 days before sowing. The dosage is generally 1.5% of the sorghum seed amount, and the coating is evenly dried and then sown. (The seed used for the seed coating can be directly sown without having to germination and germination)
sowing
Sowing date: soil temperature of 5 cm is stable at 12~13 °C, and soil moisture is suitable for sowing at 16%~20%. The sowing date of late-maturing varieties is suitable from May 1st to 10th. Early-maturing varieties are timely and timely, and the sowing date is suitable from May 10 to 20.
Planting method and amount
According to the germination rate of seeds: the general reasonable planting density of sorghum in Liaoning is 6 500-8 000 plants/mu. If it is too large or too small, it will affect the yield. The method of no seeding should ensure the consistency of the depth and depth, the seeds are in close contact with the soil, the soil is thick and thick, and the soil is kept in time.
Ensure that the depth of seeding and the quality of the refining are generally less than 3cm. Determining the depth of sowing should also take into account conditions such as soil quality, temperature and temperature. The clay is tight, easy to knot, not easy to emerge, and should be shallow; the sand land is poorly preserved, easy to emerge, and can be properly spread; the good plots can be shallowly broadcasted, and the lyrical difference can be deep-soiled.
Fertilization
Apply 30 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 5-10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate. When applying fertilizer, attention should be paid to the separation of seeds and fertilizers to prevent burning buds and affect the emergence rate.
top dressing
The sorghum jointing stage of the young spikes grows rapidly and is the period of most fertilizer. Applying 25 kg of urea to 14 leaves to 14 leaves, combined with cultivating and cultivating soil, to avoid loss of fertilizer and reduce fertilizer efficiency.
Field management
Chatian replanting: timely inspection of seedlings after emergence is an important management measure to ensure high yield. If the small area is not good, the seedling measures can be taken. It is best to germination when replanting; if the seedlings are lacking and the seeds are not replanted, it is necessary to transplant the seedlings in time and the transplanting should be carried out in the 5-6 leaf stage. Transplanting should be carried out on a cloudy day. When the soil is dry, it needs to be transplanted with water to ensure survival.
Miao Ding Miao: On the basis of Miao Quan, the seedlings should be sooner rather than later. The seedlings are too late, due to plant crowding, seedling growth is inhibited, affecting future growth and development. Generally, the seedlings are in the three-leaf stage-four-leaf period, and the seedlings in the 5-leaf stage to the 7-leaf stage are better, which can reduce the consumption of water and nutrients, and promote the seedlings and the seedlings.
Going to divide the scorpion: the sorghum is more powerful, and the tiller is strong, and the combination of the seedlings and the early mites will promote the single seedlings. If there is a shortage of seedlings in production, some parts can be left. Tillers for a long time, if not early removal of the main stem, long tiller mix, consumption of nutrients, to extend the growth period of the main stem, causing the main stem soft, late-maturing grain production decline and other adverse consequences, as this should be promptly removed tiller.
Cultivating management
Seedlings from the 3rd leaf stage to the 4th leaf stage, combined with the interplanting seedlings for the first time of cultivating, not only to ensure warming, roots and strong seedlings, but also to eliminate weeds, prevent drought and protect the phlegm; 5 leaf stage and 7 leaf stage after seedling Carry out the second cultivating, the depth is about 10 cm; after the second ploughing, 10 to 15 days, the third cultivating is carried out. When the plant grows to about 70 cm, the ridge will be combined with the top dressing to carry out the cultivating and cultivating the soil. The soil is cultivated at the base of the sorghum, forming furrows between the rows, promoting the development of aerial roots, and enhancing the ability to resist wind and lodging, drought and moisture.
Water management
When the seeds are germinated, it is necessary to ensure sufficient water to sorghum and drought-tolerant. The seedlings need less water, but the seeds must be germinated to ensure sufficient water. If necessary, they can be irrigated and then sown, so as to prevent the emergence of sprouts.
Jointing and booting are two critical periods of water demand, and water demand accounts for 1/3 of the total demand. Water shortage during this period not only seriously affects the number of kernels, but also does not work well. The milk is dry and affects dryness. The substance is transported to the grain, and the quality of the thousand grains is reduced. Severely affect the production of crops, so these two periods must be adequately watered. It is also the most profitable period.
Chemical weeding
Soil closed weeding: generally carried out before sowing. 38% atrazine + 96% metolachlor can be used, and the organic matter content of the soil is sealed according to the instructions for use of the drug.
Post-emergence stem and leaf treatment: generally carried out in the 4-5 leaf stage after sorghum seedlings. Post-emergence stem and leaf treatment can be carried out with 2 to 4 chlorine or bentazone.
Pest Control
Head smut: seed dressing is applied. 2% tebuconazole wet seed dressing agent can be used, 150~200 g per 100 kg seed, 1.5L water, or 30 g/L difenotropium suspending agent, 0.2~0.3 L per 100kg seed, add water 1 ~1.2 L, mixed seed dressing. After mixing, it is generally piled up for 4 hours, and it can be sown after drying. Combined with the rotation of the crops, suitable sowing, removal of diseased plants, selection of disease-resistant varieties and other measures to prevent and control.
Mythimna: When larvae are killed, it should be sprayed with 20% fenvalerate 2000 times before the larva 3 years old, or sprayed with 2.5% deltamethrin 1 000~l 500 times; Egg habits, bundled with 50cm of grass, inserted in the field, 2 to 3 bunches / acre, to lure. And change it once a day to avoid egg hatching.
Timely harvest
The most suitable harvesting period for sorghum is at the end of waxing. At this time, the harvested seeds are full, the yield is the highest, and the rice quality is the best; the harvest is too early, affecting the yield and quality; if it is too late, the plants will wither and even fall, causing natural granules and ears. Germination causes the yield quality to decline.
Storage
After sorghum threshing, it needs to be dried or dried to reduce the water content of the seeds to 14% before storage. It should be stored in a cool, dry warehouse, paying attention to rodent, insect and mildew.
The above is the high-yield high-yield planting technology, the content is for reference only. As a cash crop in China, sorghum is planted with subsidies, and the planting benefits are also considerable.
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