In recent years, as people's demand for dairy products has increased, the number of rural households raising cows in the suburbs of our county has gradually increased, and the emergence of raising “cow fever†has emerged. In the process of raising dairy cows for farmers, we found that most of the farmer's husbandry and management are extensive, and there are many irrationalities in many aspects of milk production technology, which affects the milk production performance of dairy cows, resulting in less milk production and lower efficiency. In order to provide households with dairy cows with instructions, the techniques for achieving high yields for dairy cows are described below for reference by dairy farmers.
1, the purchase of good-quality dairy cows
The quality of dairy cows and individuals determines the amount of milk they produce throughout their lives. The majority of cows raised in dairy farms in China are Holstein black-and-white dairy cows. This breed is superior to other dairy cow breeds. High milk yield and consolidation of production performance are the targets for farmers. Specific attention to the following points.
1 Selection criteria; imploring physical growth, uniform structure, thin skin and rich and elastic, body length and width, back straight, flat minister, wide chest, well-developed chest, large abdomen without sagging, body from above, side, back three The position was "down" and the limbs were consolidated and straightened. Large breasts, rounded square, extending forward and backward, sideline perpendicular to the front of the waist than the front edge of the waist, the bottom are sage-like, the bottom line is slightly higher than the hocks, breast development is adequate, the size of the nipple is moderate, the milk vein is large and many Zigzag, milk wells are large and deep.
2 years of age choice: dairy cows of different ages, there is a big difference in milk production. When the first child is born, it is usually around the age of 2.5 years. With the increase in parity and age, the milk production also gradually increases. At 4-7 births, the milk production reaches its peak, and it begins to decline after 10 years of age. . Therefore, the farmers who are preparing to raise dairy cows should purchase young and middle-aged cows within 3-5 years old. And cows should be purchased from large, regular dairy farms.
2. Strengthen the feeding and management of dairy cows during their milk production period
Dairy cows have a regular pattern of milk production. Usually milk production increases rapidly from the beginning of the 15-20 days after calving, and reaches the peak of milk production within 2 months or so. After 4 months, it obviously drops. After 7 months, it quickly drops to 10 The end of the month basically stagnated. Understand this rule, facilitate scientific and rational breeding, in order to maximize the milk production potential of dairy cows. When the cow reaches the peak during the last 2 weeks of the milking period, the cows are often reared using the "pointing method." The principle is that under the premise of not infringing on scientific feeding, less feeding of coarse material, more fine material, adequate drinking water, and raw materials can be freely eaten. The method is to weigh 1.8 kg of cows each day from the first 2 weeks after the calving, and then increase by 0.5 kg each day until the l.0-1.5 kg are eaten by 100 kg of body weight. For example, a cow weighing 500 kg will eat 6-9 kg. After the peak, supply fine material according to the amount of milk production, such as a daily output of 18 kilograms of milk, weight of 600 kilograms of dairy cow rations: 3 kg of hay, 25 kg of corn silage, 4 kg of corn, 2 kg of bran, 0.6 kg of bean cake, and cotton cake 1.0 kg, 0.58 kg of fishmeal, 60 grams of shell powder, 50 grams of salt, and 20 grams of tricalcium phosphate. During the entire lactation period, the feed should be relatively consolidated and fed 3 times a day, so that there will be dry in the middle and dry in the middle. With dry mix, feeding is carried out in an orderly manner, following the pattern: Tim hay 1st silage 1st concentrate 2nd silage 1st congee 3rd silage 2nd concentrate last Use congee material to search for leftover grass. Drinking water is carried out during feeding. This ensures that the milk production curve is slowly and slowly declining.
3, accurate control and milking methods
1 scrub the breast: before milking, can accelerate the blood circulation of the breast and accelerate the secretion of milk. Use 45°C-50°C warm water to moisten the towels. Wash the nipples and pores first. Wash the middle ditch, the left breast area, the right breast area, and the back of the breast. Then wring the towel and dry it from top to bottom. All breasts.
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