As an important part of traditional medicine, traditional Chinese medicine has been used orally since ancient times. After oral administration, traditional Chinese medicine preparations can be decomposed in the digestive tract by the intestine. After the active substances with pharmacological effects are absorbed by the body, they can produce certain therapeutic effects. Other macromolecules or impurities are excreted by the body or cleared by the organism.
Traditional Chinese medicine injections refer to traditional Chinese medicine theory as a guide, using modern science and technology and methods to extract active ingredients or substances from traditional Chinese medicine for injection into animal body. Traditional Chinese medicine injection is a new type of medicine that was originally created in China. It has the characteristics of high bioavailability, rapid action, etc., and can play a good role in the treatment of severe acute diseases.
It has become popular in recent years that traditional Chinese medicines are made into injectable preparations. It has been widely used in the treatment of veterinary clinics, among which traditional Chinese medicine preparations include Shuanghuanglian injection, Nuanxincao injection, Banlangen injection, Houttuynia injection, and the like. However, the author found in the practical application of veterinary clinics that the use of Chinese medicine preparations often appear some allergic reactions, clinical manifestations of moderate or high fever, accompanied by obvious or inconspicuous chills, difficulty breathing, vomiting, diarrhea, excitement, irritability, Joint swelling, and skin allergies, etc., are summarized below, for the majority of my colleagues reference.
Common causes of adverse reactions
Traditional Chinese medicine aspect
Including the confusion of the sources of medicinal materials, the irregular processing of the original herbs, the large number of medicinal odors, the non-standard production techniques, and the imperfect quality standards, and some drugs themselves are the sources of sensitization, because the Chinese herbal medicines are complex in composition and varied in variety and themselves are mostly macromolecules. Substances, such macromolecules as proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, etc., have both immunogenicity and immunoreactivity. At the same time, there are many components of traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Therefore, Chinese herbal medicines containing chemical constituents of biochemically active genes have the possibility of sensitization.
Chinese medicine preparation
The variety of traditional Chinese medicines is complex and there are phenomena of the same name with foreign objects and synonyms, which can easily lead to misuse, mixed use and poisoning of traditional Chinese medicines. Coupled with different taste properties, each variety of finished medicine also has different brands produced by different manufacturers, and different brands. The products also have some differences in quality and efficacy, and they are even far apart.
Animal aspects
There are individual differences in the response of different animals to drugs, one is the difference in immunology, and the other is the difference in age and gender. Many of the allergic reactions to traditional Chinese medicine are due to the fact that the animals themselves have allergic constitutions and that they can develop serious allergic reactions at normal or lesser doses.
In terms of drug delivery
Including the influence of the route of administration and improper compatibility, traditional Chinese medicine injections are mainly administered in two ways, namely intravenous injection and intramuscular injection. Both methods are not absorbed by the choice of digestive cells. They are another passive absorption of drugs by the body. The types of components absorbed are numerous and complex. Many harmful substances directly enter the body, increasing the probability of adverse reactions. From the point of view of clinical use, the incidence of allergic reactions in Chinese medicine injections is high and heavy, but the response to oral decoction is small.
In addition, improper use of medications and doses is one of the main causes of adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicines. Different doses have different effects and the drug's medicinal properties can be qualitatively changed under quantitative conditions. In addition, long-term use can cause excessive accumulation of drugs in the body and poisoning, but also easy to addiction.
Prevention of adverse reactions
Pay attention to quality management of medicinal materials
China's "Pharmacopoeia" has clear provisions and requirements for the collection, processing and storage of Chinese medicinal materials, and Chinese herbal medicines that are not yet clear in their function and indications, especially substitutes, should be strictly prohibited.
Adhere to syndrome differentiation
Traditional Chinese medicine is used for disease prevention and treatment under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. The group should pay attention to the dosage and incompatibility, and should adhere to the principles of different varieties and individualization to achieve beneficial and harmless treatment.
Strengthen Pharmaceutical Research of Chinese Patent Medicines
The use of modern science and technology to improve the level of Chinese medicine preparations, strengthen the study of the chemical composition of proprietary Chinese medicines, especially the study of traditional Chinese medicine injections, accelerate the development of a unified national production norms, so that traditional Chinese medicine injections can be followed, can improve the purity of the preparation, reduce The occurrence of adverse reactions.
To strengthen the study of toxicology of Chinese medicine
At present, China's understanding of the toxicity of Chinese medicine is limited, in particular, the preparation methods of some modern Chinese medicine preparations are different from traditional preparations, and the toxicity must be different. Therefore, we can't stick to the historical records, and we should conduct systematic scientific research on commonly used Chinese medicines, and at the same time, strengthen the research on the toxicological basis of Chinese medicine, and provide scientific basis for the safe use of Chinese veterinary drugs.
Establish and improve adverse drug reaction monitoring reporting system
The causes of the adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine are complex and diverse. Only by establishing a sound adverse reaction detection system, applying a system of grades, management, and analysis, and strengthening the monitoring and monitoring of the adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine can we effectively solve the problem. The use of various prevention, diagnosis, and analysis tools to strengthen the identification and defense capabilities of adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine, to achieve pre-defense, post-hoc analysis, and based on this decision-making analysis, so that the adverse reactions of Chinese medicine to a minimum.
The principle of use of traditional Chinese medicine injections
Whether clinical medicine is applied properly, whether the compatibility of the compound Chinese medicine is appropriate, and the duration of treatment affects the judgment of adverse reactions. Chinese medical drugs pay attention to syndrome differentiation and treatment, and vary depending on the animals' age, constitution, and origin. The scope of application of traditional Chinese medicine lacks clear boundaries. It contains many chemical components. Each chemical component is often less abundant and its effect is not significant enough. Its positive or negative effects on the animal's body are often not obvious and are easily overlooked. . For these reasons, adverse reactions that people have yet to recognize are prone to occur during the use of Chinese medicine. If the animal's etiology, pathogenesis, etc. are unclear or the understanding of the properties of Chinese medicine is not clear, and the prescription for the symptomatic drug or drug selection cannot be unreasonable, it is better not to use Chinese medicine preparations.
When using traditional Chinese medicine preparations, oral administration should be as low as possible, and the correct method of administration should be strictly controlled. The proper solvent, concentration, and drip rate can reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions. At the same time, disease and disease (cold, heat, warm, cool) and indications should be grasped, animal species and constitution should be observed, high-dose and high-concentration use should be avoided, interactions between drugs and drugs should be avoided, and the appearance of drugs should be checked ( Precipitation and transparency visual inspection), manufacturer, expiration date and lot number, intensified medication monitoring (half an hour to an hour after injection) and emergency rescue preparation (drug allergy emergency). Application should be started from a small dose, slowly increase the amount of medication during the drug should be closely observed, once there is an allergy symptoms should be immediately discontinued, mild symptoms can use anti-allergy drugs.
If an allergic reaction occurs, the drug should be stopped immediately, intravenously infused with high-sugar, vitamin C, dexamethasone, calcium gluconate and other anti-allergic drugs. If the drug is promptly administered, the allergy symptoms will disappear after 30 minutes and the affected animal can recover. normal status. The allergic reaction symptoms and reaction types caused by Chinese herbs are similar to the allergic reactions caused by chemical drugs or biological products. The treatment principles are basically the same, that is, anti-allergy drugs are given, symptomatic treatment is maintained, and complications are prevented. For severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylactic shock, rescue therapy should be actively conducted according to shock management principles.
To strictly control the quality of new dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine and change the route of administration, the in vivo processes of drugs may also change. The hapten substances in Chinese herbal medicines may bind to proteins in the body, resulting in increased allergic reactions. At the same time, due to the complex composition of Chinese herbal medicines, it is difficult to establish a strict quality standard and the quality of the preparations is often not guaranteed. Therefore, it is necessary to fully consider whether the ingredients contained in the Chinese herbal medicines and their ingredients will change during the production process, and the additives and active ingredients. There may be interactions among them, and strict quality control is required to minimize the allergic reaction of Chinese herbs.
In short, traditional Chinese medicine preparations are one of the treasures of our ethnic medicine. It has the same defects as other medicines. Veterinary workers should continue to improve. The safety of traditional Chinese medicine preparations is not only related to its main components, but also closely related to its decomposition products and byproducts, solvents in the preparations, stability and production processes. The safety of traditional Chinese medicine applications must arouse our high attention, and the use of medicines should be as high as possible. , Reputable manufacturers of products.
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