Affected by climate anomalies, the harvest of wheat this year has been postponed. Analyzing the possible impact of climate anomalies on summer maize, preparing well in advance and the countermeasures that should be taken, have important guiding significance for reducing the possible adverse effects caused by climate change and ensuring the high yield and stable production of summer maize.
First, the impact of the analysis On the current growth and development of wheat and weather conditions, this year's summer corn production may be affected by the following aspects.
1. Delayed sowing time. Due to the delay in the harvest time of wheat, the sowing date of summer corn this year will also be postponed. It is expected that the province will postpone it by an average of 5 to 7 days. Sowing in most areas is expected to be delayed until June 18-20.
2. A large area of ​​good uniformity of emergence. At present, the soil moisture content is generally better in wheat areas in our province. In addition, there may be rainfall process before and after wheat harvest. It is expected that soil moisture is generally better before and after sowing, which is conducive to the rapid germination and emergence of seeds, and the emergence of a large area of ​​crops. It will be relatively good. It is possible to mitigate to a certain extent the adverse effects caused by the delay of sowing.
3. Increased risk of lodging. After the sowing date of summer corn was delayed, the rapid growth and development stages of the plant were in conditions of high temperature, rainy weather, and lack of illumination. The base stem sections were stunted, the plant height and ear position increased, and the risk of lodging might increase.
4. Occurrence of brown spot. After the sowing date is delayed, the chance of high temperature and high humidity weather in the seedling stage increases; in addition, the planting area of ​​the summer maize variety Zhengdan 958 and Yandan 20 in our province is relatively large, and the two varieties have relatively low resistance to brown spot disease. weak. Therefore, the occurrence of brown spot of summer maize in our province may be more serious this year.
5. The fruiting of the ear is affected. In the case of late sowing, the early growth and development speed of the plant is accelerated, and the time of ear differentiation is shortened, which may lead to a decrease in the number of grains per panicle and an emphasis on baldness of the ear. In addition, due to delayed silking of the ear during late seeding, grain filling time is relatively shortened, and 1000-grain weight may also be affected.
Second, the response measures due to changes in climate conditions on the growth and development of summer corn may have various effects, in this year's summer maize production, should take the following response to technical measures:
1. Early sowing when grab. With the sowing period postponed, the significance of early sowing is even more pronounced. The production department should make preparations as soon as possible, adjust the corn planting machinery in advance, and prepare enough fertilizer. Once the conditions permit, we must seize the time to grab crops and try to shorten the consumption time of the farm. In areas with poor soil moisture content, special attention should be paid to the arrangement of irrigation after sowing, so as to shorten the cycle of rotation as much as possible and strive to achieve early sowing, early irrigation, and early emergence.
2. Improve the quality of sowing. In the adverse circumstances such as the sowing date being delayed and the growth period shortened, it is of great significance to improve the quality of sowing and improve the uniformity of emergence to ensure the high yield and stable yield of summer maize. We must seize the various technical links related to planting and keeping seedlings, and focus on improving the quality of sowing, and strive to achieve "miaoquan, Miao Qi, Miao uniform, Miao Zhuang." Conditions can be promoted single-point on-demand technology, both to ensure uniform density and uniformity of emergence, while saving seedlings, seedlings, Dingmiao and other field management operations, to achieve simplification, cost savings.
3. Increase potassium fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer has the effect of promoting the development of stems and improving the mechanical strength of the stems, and plays an important role in improving the lodging resistance of plants. In addition, potassium fertilizer can promote the operation of the material, and it is beneficial to promote the grain filling in the later period when the sowing date is delayed and the growth and development are delayed. Where conditions permit, potassium sulphate or potassium chloride 15-20 kilograms may be added per mu.
4. Control the amount of fertilizer application. Fertilizer has the effect of promoting the healthy growth of seedlings, but excessive application of seed fertilizer will not only result in waste of fertilizer, easily cause burning of seedlings, but also tend to cause defertilization in the later period, resulting in poor fruiting. In the event that the sowing date will be postponed, the seedlings will be cloudy and the weather may be too high, the application of large amounts of seed fertilizers will make it easier for the plants to grow longer and increase the risk of lodging. Production should be avoided as much as possible to apply a large number of fertilization fertilizer method. When planting, about 20 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied per acre, and nitrogen fertilizer can be applied again at the big bellmouth stage.
5. Appropriate wide spacing planting. Under late seeding conditions, the plant height and ear position of summer maize had an increasing trend. In addition, during this year's growth and development of corn, the weather may be overcast or unlicensed. The above two conditions will increase the risk of lodging. For this reason, increase the plant spacing (60 to 70 cm).
6. Note the control of brown spot disease at seedling stage. Maize brown spot disease should be mainly prevention. After Dingmiao (4 to 5 leaves) can be controlled by triadimefon or triadimefon WP, usually 7 to 10 days, continuous application of 2 to 3 times, you can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of corn brown spot.
7. We must continue to do a good job of "adjusting late receipts." The "late harvest" is relative to the early harvest time in production. Under the premise of climatic conditions permitting and not affecting proper late planting of wheat, the harvest time of summer maize should be postponed as far as possible so as to effectively prolong the grain filling period and increase the grain weight to compensate for the loss of yield due to possible shortening of the grain filling period.
First, the impact of the analysis On the current growth and development of wheat and weather conditions, this year's summer corn production may be affected by the following aspects.
1. Delayed sowing time. Due to the delay in the harvest time of wheat, the sowing date of summer corn this year will also be postponed. It is expected that the province will postpone it by an average of 5 to 7 days. Sowing in most areas is expected to be delayed until June 18-20.
2. A large area of ​​good uniformity of emergence. At present, the soil moisture content is generally better in wheat areas in our province. In addition, there may be rainfall process before and after wheat harvest. It is expected that soil moisture is generally better before and after sowing, which is conducive to the rapid germination and emergence of seeds, and the emergence of a large area of ​​crops. It will be relatively good. It is possible to mitigate to a certain extent the adverse effects caused by the delay of sowing.
3. Increased risk of lodging. After the sowing date of summer corn was delayed, the rapid growth and development stages of the plant were in conditions of high temperature, rainy weather, and lack of illumination. The base stem sections were stunted, the plant height and ear position increased, and the risk of lodging might increase.
4. Occurrence of brown spot. After the sowing date is delayed, the chance of high temperature and high humidity weather in the seedling stage increases; in addition, the planting area of ​​the summer maize variety Zhengdan 958 and Yandan 20 in our province is relatively large, and the two varieties have relatively low resistance to brown spot disease. weak. Therefore, the occurrence of brown spot of summer maize in our province may be more serious this year.
5. The fruiting of the ear is affected. In the case of late sowing, the early growth and development speed of the plant is accelerated, and the time of ear differentiation is shortened, which may lead to a decrease in the number of grains per panicle and an emphasis on baldness of the ear. In addition, due to delayed silking of the ear during late seeding, grain filling time is relatively shortened, and 1000-grain weight may also be affected.
Second, the response measures due to changes in climate conditions on the growth and development of summer corn may have various effects, in this year's summer maize production, should take the following response to technical measures:
1. Early sowing when grab. With the sowing period postponed, the significance of early sowing is even more pronounced. The production department should make preparations as soon as possible, adjust the corn planting machinery in advance, and prepare enough fertilizer. Once the conditions permit, we must seize the time to grab crops and try to shorten the consumption time of the farm. In areas with poor soil moisture content, special attention should be paid to the arrangement of irrigation after sowing, so as to shorten the cycle of rotation as much as possible and strive to achieve early sowing, early irrigation, and early emergence.
2. Improve the quality of sowing. In the adverse circumstances such as the sowing date being delayed and the growth period shortened, it is of great significance to improve the quality of sowing and improve the uniformity of emergence to ensure the high yield and stable yield of summer maize. We must seize the various technical links related to planting and keeping seedlings, and focus on improving the quality of sowing, and strive to achieve "miaoquan, Miao Qi, Miao uniform, Miao Zhuang." Conditions can be promoted single-point on-demand technology, both to ensure uniform density and uniformity of emergence, while saving seedlings, seedlings, Dingmiao and other field management operations, to achieve simplification, cost savings.
3. Increase potassium fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer has the effect of promoting the development of stems and improving the mechanical strength of the stems, and plays an important role in improving the lodging resistance of plants. In addition, potassium fertilizer can promote the operation of the material, and it is beneficial to promote the grain filling in the later period when the sowing date is delayed and the growth and development are delayed. Where conditions permit, potassium sulphate or potassium chloride 15-20 kilograms may be added per mu.
4. Control the amount of fertilizer application. Fertilizer has the effect of promoting the healthy growth of seedlings, but excessive application of seed fertilizer will not only result in waste of fertilizer, easily cause burning of seedlings, but also tend to cause defertilization in the later period, resulting in poor fruiting. In the event that the sowing date will be postponed, the seedlings will be cloudy and the weather may be too high, the application of large amounts of seed fertilizers will make it easier for the plants to grow longer and increase the risk of lodging. Production should be avoided as much as possible to apply a large number of fertilization fertilizer method. When planting, about 20 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied per acre, and nitrogen fertilizer can be applied again at the big bellmouth stage.
5. Appropriate wide spacing planting. Under late seeding conditions, the plant height and ear position of summer maize had an increasing trend. In addition, during this year's growth and development of corn, the weather may be overcast or unlicensed. The above two conditions will increase the risk of lodging. For this reason, increase the plant spacing (60 to 70 cm).
6. Note the control of brown spot disease at seedling stage. Maize brown spot disease should be mainly prevention. After Dingmiao (4 to 5 leaves) can be controlled by triadimefon or triadimefon WP, usually 7 to 10 days, continuous application of 2 to 3 times, you can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of corn brown spot.
7. We must continue to do a good job of "adjusting late receipts." The "late harvest" is relative to the early harvest time in production. Under the premise of climatic conditions permitting and not affecting proper late planting of wheat, the harvest time of summer maize should be postponed as far as possible so as to effectively prolong the grain filling period and increase the grain weight to compensate for the loss of yield due to possible shortening of the grain filling period.
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