In use, it will be stained with greasy, glue, sweat and other dirt. When stored and stored carelessly, it will produce rust and mildew spots, which will have extremely bad effects on the life and performance of the instrument. The purpose of cleaning is to remove dirt from the instrument.
There are usually two types of methods for cleaning an instrument:
(1) A mechanical cleaning method, that is, cleaning with a shovel, scraping, brushing, etc.;
(2) Chemical cleaning methods, that is, cleaning with various chemical decontamination solvents. The specific cleaning method depends on the condition of the dirt adhering surface and the nature of the dirt. The following describes the cleaning methods of several common instruments and different material parts;
1. Cleaning of glassware
Glassware is divided into general glassware and special glassware. There are two types of dirt on glassware. One type can be cleaned with water, and the other type must be cleaned with a cleaning agent or special detergent. of. In the experiment, the used utensils should be cleaned immediately, regardless of the type of dirt attached to the glassware. Glassware filled with sugar, salt, starch, mud, alcohol, etc., can be washed with water to achieve cleaning purposes. It should be noted that if the attached dirt is already dry, the vessel may be soaked in water for a period of time, and then brushed with a brush until it is washed. Glassware is stained with oil or animal oil, and can be washed with detergent, detergent, detergent, etc. Brush with a brush when cleaning, and use this detergent to clean glassware with organic oil. After the glassware is washed with detergent, it is also rinsed with water. For glassware with tar, bitumen or other high molecular organics, it should be cleaned with organic solvents such as gasoline and benzene. If it is still difficult to wash, the glassware can be immersed in an alkaline detergent for a period of time, and then washed with a solution of sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydroxide or sodium phosphate at a concentration of 5% or more, or even heated. . In chemical reactions, metals, oxides, acids, alkalis, and the like are often attached to the walls of glassware. When cleaning, according to the characteristics of the dirt, use strong acid, strong alkali to clean or use neutralization chemical reaction to descale, and then rinse with water. When using acid and alkali cleaning, special attention should be paid to safety. The operator should wear rubber gloves and protective glasses. Use tools such as tweezers and clips when handling. Mildew on the surface of optical glass is a common phenomenon. When the optical glass is moldy, the light scatters on its surface, making the image unclear. In severe cases, the instrument will be scrapped. Most of the causes of optical glass mold are due to the presence of microbial spores on the surface. When the temperature and humidity are appropriate, and there is a need for "nutrition", it will grow rapidly and form mildew. It is especially important to make mold and stain resistant to optical glass. Once mold spots are generated, it should be cleaned immediately. To eliminate mildew, the cleaning fungus can be cleaned with 0.1~0.5% ethylhydrogen dichlorosilane and anhydrous alcohol. It should be mixed with a small amount in the wet weather or washed with propylene oxide or dilute ammonia. The oily mist, the water-wet mist, the oil-water mixed mist, and the like on the optical glass can also be cleaned by using the above cleaning agent.
2. Cleaning of rubber parts:
There are many parts made of rubber in the experimental equipment. As a kind of polymer organic matter, rubber will age after being greasy or organic solvent, causing the parts to be deformed, soft and sticky; the transmission belt made of rubber, if Oil stains will reduce the coefficient of friction and cause slippage.
To clean the oil on the rubber parts, alcohol, carbon tetrachloride or the like can be used as a cleaning agent, and an organic solvent cannot be used as a cleaning agent. When cleaning, first wipe with a cotton ball or silk cloth cleaning agent, after the cleaning agent is naturally evaporated and cleaned. It should be noted that carbon tetrachloride is toxic and harmful to human body. It should be carried out under good ventilation conditions during cleaning. Pay attention to safety.
There are metals, oxides, acids, alkalis and other contaminants. When cleaning, according to the characteristics of the dirt, use strong acid, strong alkali to clean or use neutralization and chemical reaction to descale, and then rinse with water. When using acid and alkali cleaning, special attention should be paid to safety. The operator should wear rubber gloves and protective glasses. Use tools such as tweezers and clips when handling.
Mildew on the surface of optical glass is a common phenomenon. When the optical glass is moldy, the light scatters on its surface, making the image unclear. In severe cases, the instrument will be scrapped.
Most of the causes of optical glass mold are due to the presence of microbial spores on the surface. When the temperature and humidity are appropriate, and there is a need for "nutrition", it will grow rapidly and form mildew. It is especially important to make mold and stain resistant to optical glass. Once mold spots are generated, it should be cleaned immediately. To eliminate mildew, the cleaning fungus can be cleaned with 0.1~0.5% ethylhydrogen dichlorosilane and anhydrous alcohol. It should be mixed with a small amount in the wet weather or washed with propylene oxide or dilute ammonia. The oily mist, the water-wet mist, the oil-water mixed mist, and the like on the optical glass can also be cleaned by using the above cleaning agent.
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