Characteristics of ultrasonic extraction and separation technology
After entering the 21st century, ultrasonic extraction technology is widely used in various fields such as medicine, food, oil, and chemical industry, especially in the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients. The technology is suitable for the extraction of active ingredients of Chinese medicinal materials, and is a relatively mature new method and process in the extraction process of traditional Chinese medicine. Compared with conventional extraction methods such as boiling, extraction, and reflux extraction, it has the following characteristics:
1 Ultrasonic extraction technology can increase the extraction rate of extracted components and shorten the extraction time
Due to the special effect of strong ultrasonic vibration, it is beneficial to infiltrate the solvent into the plant powder and accelerate the exudation and diffusion of the active ingredients. Ultrasonic extraction of total flavonoids from Astragalus membranaceus is compared with Soxhlet extraction. The extract is at a wavelength of 260-380 nm. The corresponding absorbance value is high, thereby increasing the extraction rate; compared with the conventional method, the rutin in the glutinous rice is extracted by ultrasonic method, and the extraction rate (12.81%) is extracted by using 70% ethanol as a solvent for 90 minutes, which is equivalent to the continuous hot reflux methanol as a solvent. The extraction time was 7-8 h (12.77%). Studies have shown that the use of strong cavitation, mechanical and thermal effects generated by ultrasound can accelerate the entry of active ingredients into the solvent, thereby improving extraction efficiency. Compared with conventional extraction methods, it can greatly improve product extraction rate and resource utilization and shortening. Production cycle, saving raw materials and improving economic benefits. Moreover, the content of the active ingredient in the extract is high, which is favorable for further purification and separation.
2 Ultrasonic extraction technology does not require heating during the extraction process, suitable for the extraction of heat sensitive substances
Because of the thermal effect of ultrasonic extraction in a limited extraction time, the solvent temperature is not high, and the adverse effects of the conventional boiling method and the reflux extraction method on the active ingredients of the medicinal materials are avoided.
3 Ultrasonic extraction technology does not change the chemical structure of the extracted components
Some scholars have compared the active components proposed by the ultrasonic extraction technique with the conventional methods to investigate whether the structure of the active components extracted by ultrasound has changed. According to the literature report [5-8], the active components obtained by the two methods were compared by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The spectra obtained by the two methods consistently indicate that the ultrasonic extraction does not change the structure of the active ingredient. And shorten the extraction time and increase the rate of presentation, thus providing a new method for the rapid and high yield of Chinese herbal medicine extract.
4 Reduce energy consumption and improve economic efficiency
Since ultrasonic extraction does not require heating or heating, the extraction time is short, energy consumption can be greatly reduced, and economic benefits can be greatly improved. Ultrasonic extraction technology is easy to operate and has high extraction rate, which can fully utilize Chinese medicine resources and reduce environmental pollution, and provide modernization for Chinese medicine. A new method of efficient extraction has improved the cumbersome conventional extraction process.
In summary, ultrasonic extraction is a new development method, which has continuously made breakthroughs and perfection in various applications, highlighting its unique advantages. Further research on the technology was carried out, and the basic principles and practical experience of ultrasonic extraction were obtained. Make ultrasound technology develop in the direction of industrialization and large production. With the continuous deepening of ultrasonic extraction technology research and the continuous improvement of ultrasonic extraction equipment, it will definitely promote the development of Chinese medicine extraction technology.
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