Tea tree dwarf dense planting and cultivation is a rapid high-yielding cultivation method. Practice has proved that dwarf close planting can be put into production three years earlier than conventional cultivation, with high yield and rapid growth, and significant economic benefits. The main cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:
First, the establishment of a dwarf planting plantation
1, choose the land. All soil layers above 1 meter, no iron-manganese hard layer, pH 4.5--5.5, groundwater level below 1 meter, and slopes below 10 degrees can be built in the wasteland. Rehmannia is generally inferior to raw land. it is good. In order to avoid soil and water loss, terraces with equal width and height can be constructed first, and then under the trenches, fertilizers can be used for cultivation. To avoid the damage of root-knot nematodes, 7.5 kg of 3% carbofuran granules per acre can be sprinkled on the sowing footage before sowing, and then mix the agent with 25 cm of the entire soil layer with a shovel.
2, stratified base fertilizer. After the land is deep-slipped, the tea planter can be planned. The width of the plant is 100--120 cm. The planting and hoeing are applied to the base fertilizer. The amount of base fertilizer per mu is 60--80 lbs for pigs and 200--80 lbs for cakes and 200--300 for cakes. Kg, calcium magnesium phosphate or superphosphate 50--60 kg, 20--30 fire earth. Pigs and bullpen fertilizers are applied to a depth of 30--40 cm. The other base fertilizers are mixed together first, 2/3 is applied to the soil at 20 cm, and the rest is applied to the upper layer of about 10 cm. It is worth noting that all organic fertilizers must be decomposed before application, especially cake fats, if not easily burned roots.
3, choose a good seed. The tea plant varieties with dense planting, strong apical dominance, plant erection, compact plant type, oblique blade, strong buding force, and rapid growth were selected.
4, rational dense planting. At present, more dense planting methods are used: 1 large row spacing 1.5 meters, small row spacing 33 centimeters, cluster spacing (hole distance) 20 centimeters, 2 plants per cluster planting tea, 6667 bundles 15,000--20000 per acre Plants, commonly known as three dense planting methods; 2 large row spacing 1.5 meters, small row spacing 26--30 centimeters, cluster distance 20 centimeters, each planting 2--3 strains, 8500 bundles per mu, 20000-25000 strains, commonly known as four Dense planting method. In popularization and application, good water and fertilizer conditions can be used again.
5, to strengthen the seedling period management. It is very important to maintain seedlings at the seedling stage and improve the survival rate of tea seedlings. Newly planted tea seedlings, sunny days require watering once a day in the morning or evening, cultivating and weeding 4 times a year, ie cultivating and weeding before spring tea in February-March, with a depth of 10-15 cm; once in spring after mid-May, Shallow ploughing, depth of about 10 cm; mid-July mid-summer tea after a shallow plough, depth 7--8 cm; after the end of autumn tea combined with basal fertilizer for a deep cultivator, depth 15-25 cm.
II. Management of Closely Planted Tea Garden
1, scientific fertilization. Closely planted tea garden tea trees, usually 6-8 times more than regular tea gardens, high-density more than 20-30 times, put into production early, high yield, a reasonable increase in the amount of fertilizer is necessary. Usually a full-time tea plantation Mushi urea 25 kg, two-footer age of 60 kg, 75 kg three-foot age, four-foot-age of 90 kg, after the age of five feet 100 kg. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied at a ratio of 3:1:1, and 7-8 kg of pure nitrogen was guaranteed for every 50 kg of dried tea. As the yield continues to increase, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer will increase (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium 4--6:1:1). The basal fertilizer is applied once a year, with 150--200 kg of cake-fertilizer in Mushi and 20--30 tons of clay in fire, applied in the middle of November-December, and the top dressing (urea) is applied in the middle of March, May, and July. After reclaiming the soil, it is best to fertilize before rain.
2, low trim. The planting composition of the densely planted tea garden mainly depends on the individual's apical dominance, apical buds and buds. Reduce the trimming area, make the tree dwarf, shorten the transportation distance of water and nutrients in the body, and promote the growth of the top bud, which is the purpose of dwarfing. Therefore, in the early March of the second year after planting, when the seedling height exceeds 20 cm on average, the upper branches and leaves are cut at a distance of 15 cm from the ground. In July-August this year, the average height of seedlings generally exceeds 40 centimeters, and a portion of fresh leaves can be picked up first and then cut flat at 30 centimeters. As young tea grows vigorously, if the average height of seedlings reaches 50 centimeters in early March of the third year, it can be cut at 40 centimeters. After the tea tree has been trimmed and dwarfed three times, in the beginning of March each year, only a 2- to 3-centimeter light cut on the canopy surface is required.
3, picking several times in batches. Just relying on pruning to control the height of dwarfed tea trees is not enough, and it must also be carried out in multiple batches to pick and prolong the picking period. The tea tree should pay attention to the combination of harvesting and staying in the early adulthood, so as to improve the conditions for the production of the fruits as soon as possible. Therefore, after the first time the tea tree is trimmed, when the tree reaches 40 centimeters in height, one bud and two leaves are used for the top, and the height is less than the new height. , will not be adopted, once every 3 - 4 days, repeated picking 4--5 to control the height, to maintain the tree at the end of the year 40--45 cm. After the tea tree is shaped and pruned for the second time, the spring buds can retain 3–4 leaves, the summer tea leaves 2 leaves, the autumn tea leaves 1 leaf, and the height of the tree is 45–50 cm at the end of the year. After the tea tree is trimmed 40 cm away from the ground for the third time, the spring tea leaves 2 leaves, the summer tea leaves 1 leaf, the autumn tea leaves the fish, and the year-end tree height is maintained at about 50 cm. Four-foot-old tea trees are lightly cut once in spring, but spring tea leaves 1 leaf, while summer and autumn tea leaves fish. The year-end trees are about 55 cm high. During the picking period, generally the valley rains are exploited and the park is closed for a week before the frost falls.
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