The particularity of the winter weather last year was that the early days of cooling and the large number of snow conditions broke the records of the previous year. Before the "Xuexue" solar season, the northern wheat area had successively snowed to heavy snow, which made most of the wheat seedlings weak and small. Under the state of hibernation in advance, and this year's water and fertilizer management in wheat has its own particularities.
Wheat seedlings grow stronger this spring
Although the winter wheat seedlings are covered with heavy snow and will not be affected by freezing and drought, the wheat seedlings will be left uncovered after the snow melts, and the weather will frequently cool before and after the Spring Festival. Under continuous low temperature conditions, the wheat seedlings may suffer freezing injury. In particular, some late-seeding wheat fields and weak winter wheat varieties.
Before the Spring Festival, experts have found that the wheat field survey in Beijing has seen a small number of deaths. However, careful observation of the main stem dies, not the whole plant freeze-dried. As the soil temperature rises after the root activity, these wheat seedlings may turn green. In short, different from previous years, this year, the growth period of wheat seedlings was generally shortened before winter, and the accumulated temperature in wheat fields was not enough. Wheat seedlings lacked the appropriate low temperature (1°C-5°C) phased exercise, which led to the widespread emergence of weak seedlings in northern spring wheat fields this spring. There are few strong seedlings and basically no vigorous seedlings.
In view of the above-mentioned special circumstances of wheat fields, experts believe that the management of water and fertilizers in wheat fields in the spring is more complex than in previous years. In principle, it should be earlier than in previous years. However, in the specific implementation, it is neither possible to blindly prematurely fertilize water, nor to use simplistic ones. "One-size-fits-all" practices, but to reflect the scientific nature of the condition and the conditions of the situation due to the seedlings. Through the use of timely, appropriate and appropriate water and fertilizer management measures, in order to achieve the purpose of promoting various types of wheat seedlings after spring rejuvenation and ultimately achieve high yields.
Wheat fields should be fertilized according to the type of seedlings
After spring, the wheat seedlings will enter the mid-stage growth stage from regreening to flowering, which includes long pods, roots, stems and leaves, differentiation of spikelets and florets, completion of multi-organ construction, penetration of vegetative growth and reproductive growth at the same time. The period of growth. At this time, how to achieve the target of increasing ear, strong culm, and panicle spike by timely and appropriate fertilization should be fertilized according to the type of seedling.
The main characteristics of “weak seedlings†in wheat fields are that the population is small and the total number of stems does not exceed 700,000; the average annual vegetative growth is less than 4 leaves; the leaves have yellow color and less roots; In order to increase the number of panicles, the purpose of fertilization is to increase the amount of panicles in advance at the beginning of the initial stage, that is, when the first leaves of spring are returned to the late spring. The main application of available nitrogen fertilizer, some wheat fields if the end of the year did not apply fertilizer, at this time can also be applied with a little phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The application of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriate, with about 4 kg/mu pure nitrogen (equivalent to ammonium sulfate 18-20 kg; urea 8-10 kg). Do not overdosing nitrogen at this time, so as not to increase late delivery due to increased ineffective delivery and extended internodes.
Fertilization methods can be used mechanically sowing fertilizer or animal husbandry to open trenches, in the sand and dry land at the same time using small water irrigation to achieve the effect of water to fertilize. However, it should be noted that in such wheat fields, if the management of water and fertilizers takes too long and too much time, it will not be conducive to the rejuvenation of weak seedlings. Instead, it will cause weak seedlings to turn into “stuck seedlings,†and that would be counterproductive.
This shows the complexity of fertilization in wheat fields this spring. The amount of nitrogen applied to the earlier top dressing before jointing is to place a part of the nitrogen fertilizer required for high yield of wheat on the postharvest seedlings. Use, this will not cause late lodging problems, and effectively by increasing the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight and get high yield. At the same time improve the nitrogen fertilizer utilization.
For some wheat fields with normal seedlings, the key period for topdressing this spring is to apply topdressing nitrogen fertilizers from the late stage to the jointing stage.
Moisture management must pay attention to security
For most wheat fields with weak seedlings in the north, drought conditions are not currently shown. In the case of good sensation, even weak seedlings should not rush to return to Qingshui. The early use of irrigation, the negative effect is to cause the cooling of the soil and poor ventilation, is not conducive to the development of the root system of wheat, which is also not conducive to rejuvenation of the aboveground, but also caused the rigidity of weak seedlings.
Therefore, the first step in water management in the northern wheat fields is to ensure conservation and early implementation of corresponding farming measures in order to prevent runaway wheat fields. Although some weak wheat seedlings did not freeze to death in the past year, it is possible that after the year, the cold and wind blows will cause cold and dry crops and death. Therefore, the current focus should be on the protection of wheat fields, and keeping and keeping “green water†within 2 meters of deep soil is one of the keys to guaranteeing the increase of wheat production in the summer harvest this year.
Maintenance measures can adopt the principle of dry suppression and wetness. For example, the top Ling suppression, that is, when the surface of an inch of ice when the use of timely suppression of the machine, the topsoil layer compacted, so that no cracks in the spring topsoil, so that it can not only protect the building but also mentioning.
As for the wheat fields where the amount of snowfall was significantly less than the amount of frozen water that had not been poured in the past, in addition to timely cultivating soil moisture, appropriate amount of water should be provided. In low-wheat wheat fields, tillage, removal of earthworms and other farming measures should be adopted, which can be conducive to soil aeration and increase the temperature, to promote the development of roots and wheat seedlings rejuvenation purposes.
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