Cucumbers, also known as cucumbers and cucurbits, are widely grown vegetables in China. Cucumber fruit has a unique flavor, which can be eaten raw, boiled, and processed into various kinds of pickles. It is a kind of fruit and vegetable that people like to eat. At present, cucumbers have the largest cultivated area in greenhouses and greenhouses with the highest yields and considerable economic benefits. In particular, the cucumber cultivation area in the winter-sunlight greenhouse accounts for about 50% of the total greenhouse cultivation area in winter and spring, and a complete high-yield and high-quality balanced fertilization system has been formed.
1. Need fertilizer characteristics
Cucumber grows quickly, has many results, is hi-fertilizer, and has weak roots for fertility. It requires stricter soil nutrient conditions. The soil in the surface soil of the cucumber is sufficient to facilitate aerobic respiration of roots, promote root growth and absorption of mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Therefore, cucumbers should be planted in shallow areas when they are planted. Do not plant them deeply. There is a scientific basis for the cultivation of cucumbers and oysters, and the lack of necks for eggplants. It has been determined that for every 1,000 kilograms of cucumber produced, 1.9 kg to 2.7 kg of P2O, 0.58 to 0.9 kg of P2O5, and 3.5 kg to 4.0 kg of K2O should be absorbed from the soil. The ratio of the three is 1:0.4:1.6. During the whole growth period of cucumber, the most potassium was needed, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus again.
The amount of nitrogen uptake in the 30 days after colonization of cucumber showed a linear upward trend, and the most nitrogen uptake in the middle growth period. In the reproductive growth period, the demand for phosphorus increased sharply, while the demand for nitrogen decreased slightly. Cucumber absorbs potassium throughout its growing period.
2. Fertilization technology
(1) Apply organic fertilizer. The use of ripe organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer can, on the one hand, provide complete nutrition for the cucumber; on the other hand, it is also beneficial to ripen the soil and improve soil properties. The amount of organic fertilizer depends on the specific conditions and is generally about 75,000 kilograms per hectare. Basal fertilizer should also be given a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers or phosphorus-potassium fertilizer-based three yuan compound fertilizer.
(2) Skillfully applied fruit fertilizer. Cucumbers are infinitely inflorescences and the result is longer, about two months. It is required that after each batch of fruits, it is necessary to supplement the fertilizer. According to the experience of vegetable farmers, it is generally required that the irrigation water (ie the fertilizer dissolved in water, with the water applied into the pot) combined with irrigation water to prevent excessive fertility, is conducive to high yield of cucumber.
The topdressing should master the principle of light application and diligence. Every 1 to 10 days, 1 top-dressing fertilizer should be applied. Apply 150~225 kg of urea per hectare, and be accompanied by mature livestock and poultry waste water. 7-8 times.
(3) Pay attention to the application of potassium fertilizer. Potassium fertilizers must be applied when the amount of basal fertilizer is insufficient or potassium is lacking in the soil. Because potassium has a good effect on enhancing cucumber disease resistance and improving cucumber quality. In the case of chemical potash deficiency, plant ash can be used instead.
(4) Spray foliar fertilizer. In the middle growth stage, spraying 1000 times of the plant-strengthened vegetal 891 (3.4% citrate citrate liquid) dilute 1000 times, or spray 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, have a good effect of increasing production.