Now to the time of production of Agaricus bisporus grade 3 strains, a lot of mushrooms farmer friends letter, inquire: The pollution rate is very high in the production of Agaricus bisporus strains, often leads to reduced yield, even cultivation failure, how to operate to reduce pollution? The paper specially invited Cao Debin, a researcher at Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, to write the following, hoping to lift the doubts of the majority of the farmers.
The cultivation of Agaricus blazei three-grade strains mostly uses wheat kernels as raw materials. In the actual production, the pollution rate was found to be high or there were abnormal phenomena. The reason for this was that the production operation of strains was not standardized. Specific specification and operation techniques are now proposed for the reference of farmers and farmers.
1. Raw material treatment: Cow manure is sifted and sifted, mixed with 1:1.2 water, mix and ferment, and piled once a day. About 20 days, cow's manure powder turns into brown, with the normal scent of fermented forage, drying Dry standby. Without moisture, the wheat is soaked thoroughly and then removed. After properly shaded and ventilated, it is found that when the epidermis is dry, it is lightly sprayed with fine mist and moistens. After 24 hours, it germinates. When the malt grows to 1 to 2 cm, it can be used. .
If you have worm-eaten wheat grains, you can also use them. However, after the worm-eaten grains, there are holes in the grains and the starch is easy to flow out. Therefore, it must be washed several times; then it is poured into lime water with a pH value of 8-9 and soaked for 6 hours. About 20 minutes, until the wheat kernels have no white heart, remove the grains and rinse them with cold water.
2. Basic formula: wheat grain (measured as dry product) 100 kg, cow dung powder 30 kg, gypsum powder 1 kg, calcium carbonate 1.5 kg.
3. Substrate mixing: mix wheat kernels with cow dung powder in a ratio of 1:0.2, and mix in other auxiliary materials at the same time. Make sure that the cow dung is completely adhered to the wheat kernels. The remaining cow dung powder is ready for use.
4. Bottling operation: In general, small batch production does not use standard bottles, but uses bottles, glucose glass bottles, and bottle sterilization. To reduce production costs, 500 ml infusion bottles are available. First put a cow dung powder at the bottom of the bottle, about 1 to 1.5 cm thick, and then put the grain of wheat. When the bottle is bottled, make the grain 1 cm below the shoulder of the bottle, and then load 1 to 2 bottles. Cow dung powder, and use "L"-shaped tools to flatten, compaction, then stuffed tampon.
5. Sterilization cooling: Using autoclave method, the pressure is maintained at 0.15 MPa and held for 2 to 2.5 hours. After sterilization, after the pressure has dropped to zero, the material bottle can be taken out, moved into the cooling room or the inoculation room, cleaned up within 3 days in advance, and sprayed with silly solution, and the inoculation can be performed when the bottle is cooled to 30°C.
6. Inoculation operation: After indoor spraying once again with Saibai 09 solution, the original species will be scrubbed once with 75% alcohol to open the inoculation purifier, and the inoculation operation will be started after 10 minutes. Each bottle (500 ml) can receive more than 40 bottles.
7. Bacterial culture: The culture room (shed) is cleaned in advance, the ground is filled with water, and carpet-type spraying silly solution is applied. After 2 days of confinement, lime powder is applied on the ground to transfer the inoculated strains. During the germination period, try to control the temperature of the culture chamber at about 25°C, and not more than 28°C. The minimum installation water temperature can be reduced to about 22°C. Generally, the farmers do not have the conditions, and the temperature can be reduced by the earth method: on the ground in the fungus shed. The bricks are 20 centimeters high and covered with new plastic membranes. The bacteria bottles are discharged vertically and poured into the groundwater. Changing the water 1 or 2 times a day can keep the bacteria bottles below 25°C. Spraying a drug every 3 days or so for prevention can be alternately applied with silly silage and Saibai 09. When adults with mushrooms and mosquitoes are found, they are sprayed with high-efficiency cypermethrin to kill them.
8. Miscellaneous treatment: On the third day after inoculation, check the miscellaneous items and find that any non-Agaricus mycelium strains are removed from the outside and contaminated with Streptomyces, and the convenient bag is used to bottle the bacteria from top to bottom. Slowly removed. For the contamination of general bacteria, the material can be poured out after spraying the drug, dried and reused; the pollution of Streptomyces, should be away from the culture room, and be incinerated or buried deeply. The empty bottle should be heated above 70°C. Water scald and wash it before use.
9. Temporary preservation: After about 35 to 45 days, the bacterial strains will be sterilized. The strains that are not used temporarily should be stored at a low temperature, generally maintaining 2°C to 4°C.
10. Quality inspection: The mycelium of Agaricus bisporus is thick white, clear, strong growth, fan-shaped growth, villous hyphae more, neat, aerial hyphae white; now the most used "2796" is a semi-aerobic type, its The mycelium is prosperous and consistent; there are no thick yellow and white bacteria; the mycelium is thick and thick, and it is slightly yellow when exposed to high temperatures, and a small amount of mycelial filaments can be seen, which is uniform from top to bottom.
The growth of mycelium in the bottle is not robust, it is in a scattered state, or there is a phenomenon of “fungus elimination†and “disruption of bacteriaâ€. The material turns color, agglomerates or shrinks, and white, light yellow round blocks or irregular dark spots appear. With bacteria and maggot breeding, no mushroom flavor, with bleaching powder or stench, are all unqualified bacteria.If the mycelium is yellowish white, and the hyphae are atrophic, the growth is weak, or bacteria are formed during growth. , the medium is more humid or older strains; the mycelium in the upper part of the strainer bottle shrinks and dries, the lower mycelium grows well, the medium is too dry, the culture temperature is too high; if the growth is not uniform, it indicates the grain Soaking and pre-cooking time is not enough; if the growing mycelium is yellow, it means that the culture temperature is too high; if there is a very thick bacteria in the top of the strainer bottle, it is a species with poor performance or physiological aging, and should not be used. The strains cultured under high temperature conditions are not easy to eat after sowing and have slow bacterial growth.
Eight, income, that is, batch harvest. When the fruit body grows up to seven years old and the cap is still tightly packed with the stipe, the quality of picking is good and the yield is high. Harvested too late, the fruiting body is easily soluble and loses its value. After harvesting, it must be sold or processed in time (Cocktail should be opened two days after it is harvested. If it is not processed in time, it will lose its value). Clean up the noodles, leaving no residue and old mycorrhiza, and face each day. Spray "maintaining water" to keep the soil moist, and cover the shed for moisturizing and keeping bacteria. Until the emergence of oyster mushrooms, generally 4 to 5 pods can be harvested.