Antifreeze in winter agricultural machinery is very important. In order to improve the service life and economic benefits of agricultural machinery, a series of effective insulation and antifreeze measures should be adopted for agricultural machinery in winter. In winter, due to the cold weather, the fluidity of the fuel deteriorates, the viscosity of the lubricating oil increases, and the water is apt to freeze, which brings many difficulties to the use and maintenance of agricultural machinery.
Winter agricultural machinery operation precautions
1, start the engine first, plus cooling water. It is more difficult for the engine to start during the severe winter season. Sometimes, if the engine cannot start up quickly after adding cooling water (preferably using hot water), the cooling water will freeze. Therefore, you should start the engine and warm it up to 40°C to 50°C, then turn off the heat and add water.
2, start after the water temperature rises. After the cooling water is full, the engine should be started immediately to raise the temperature at a low speed, but it should not be driven immediately to avoid the cold air stream cooling the radiator further, causing the cooling water to freeze. In general, when the temperature is lower than 50°C, do not start driving. After reaching 50°C, drive at a low speed. After the temperature of the engine has risen to the normal temperature, turn it into normal driving. In the cold season, the engine should be started before it can reach normal temperature.
When the tractor is parked, the net cooling water should be immediately released. After the day's work is finished, a small throttle should be operated for 3 to 5 minutes. After the standby temperature is lowered, the flame is turned off and the cooling water is drained. Pay attention to not be able to operate with full throttle, full power, sudden flameout, and immediate release of water to prevent the body from cracking due to sudden cooling. When opening the water tank cover and all drain switches, be sure to drain the net.
Take antifreeze measures. In the severe winter, cover the insulation and insulation on the engine. If necessary, use cardboard to block the wind in front of the tractor radiator to reduce the entry of cold air. Some engines equipped with organic oil radiators should be toggled to the "Winter" position so that the oil does not flow through the oil radiator. Cold areas should be replaced with low freezing point winter oils, such as ~10 diesel.
3. When the tractor is in use, once the engine is overheated due to the ice resistance of the radiator, it should stop immediately and keep the engine running at an idle speed. According to the conditions at that time, the ice removal measures should be taken: First, hot water is used to remove ice. If there is boiling water, you can slowly pour on the radiator pipe that is easy to freeze, and the ice resistance will be gradually relieved. The second is cold water ice. If there is tap water at the parking place, use a pipe to draw water to flush the radiator surface and the ice area until the ice resistance is eliminated.
In addition, when stopping on the way, you should choose a good parking place. You should choose to park on a flat, dry, sunny place to avoid slippery tractor or frozen tires on the ground. If it is expected that the parking time is long, cooling water should also be put in order to prevent the water from freezing in the machine and damage the parts.
Third, the correct use of farm machinery in early spring
1. All kinds of agricultural machinery should be cleaned, lubricated, adjusted and tightened before use in accordance with the requirements of the instruction manual to ensure that the equipment is put into operation with a good technical condition.
2. For the maintenance of the lubricating system of power machinery (such as tractors and diesel engines), in addition to using the lubricating oil according to the stipulated standards, the maintenance cycle and specifications of the lubrication system shall be strictly observed, the lubrication system shall be regularly cleaned, and the filter parts shall be regularly replaced to reduce the mechanical parts. Wear.
3. The temperature in early spring is unstable and volatile, and the correct use of the cooling system for power machinery cannot be ignored: (1) The antifreeze work should be continued. When the night temperature is below zero, if no antifreeze is used, cooling should be released. Water, so as not to crack body; (2) When the machine starts at a low temperature, warm-up should be implemented; (3) should pay attention to the normal temperature of the engine, when the water temperature reaches 40 °C above, before empty load operation; Above 60 °C The load operation is started; the normal operating temperature should be maintained between 80 and 95°C to reduce unnecessary engine wear.
4. When the tractor is performing rotary tillage, sowing, irrigation and other operations, it must strictly abide by the operating procedures, so that "five net" to ensure safe production.
(1) The fuel oil is clean. At present, most of the agricultural machinery engines are diesel engines. Therefore, the purification of diesel oil is very important. There are three ways to purify diesel fuel. First, the purchased diesel is left to settle for more than 96 hours, and then the hopper is added to the filter and a layer of silk cloth is added. When taking oil from the oil drum, the filter is wrapped with a layer of silk cloth or typewriter wax paper, and it should be cleaned or replaced regularly. In particular, the imported equipment of the farmland shall be precipitated by diesel for 96 hours, filtered in three stages, and floated with oil. The oil fills the tank one night at the head of the operation to prevent condensation of water vapor.
(2) Net lubricating oil, always pay attention to the use of clean lubricants that meet the standards of this machine. The filter element of the oil filter should be regularly cleaned. The rotor-type filter should be affixed with a layer of suitable kraft paper of a wide and narrow length to facilitate the adsorption of dirt under centrifugal action. The dirt that is adsorbed on the filter element is best cleaned with an air pump when inflated, blowing air from inside to outside, brushing with a brush, and never wipe it by hand. Lubricant should be used as required. Do not casually inject other lubricants.
(3) Air is clean. When the engine is running, each cylinder inhales 2 to 4 cubic meters of air per minute. In order to ensure that the air entering the cylinder is clean, the air filter must be inspected and cleaned regularly. (4) Net cooling water, engine cooling system is open type, cooling water is best to use soft water, that is, snow, rain or treated tap water and clean well water, etc., cooling system cleaning ratio by water volume plus 1% Caustic soda and 0.5% kerosene. (5) The net of implements is mostly agricultural machinery operations in the open air and in the open air. They often come in contact with dust, silt, and water. The body is most likely to be dirty. Therefore, it is necessary to scrub frequently, so that the body does not rust, if necessary, to make up the paint to prevent corrosion.
1, tractors and other agricultural machinery should be parked in the garage as much as possible to prevent wind, sun, rain and snow erosion and freezing.
2, thoroughly clean the filter, oil pan, transmission, otherwise it will cause different brands of lubricating oil mixed, reduce lubrication.
3, timely replacement of lubricants. As the viscosity of ordinary lubricating oil increases as the temperature decreases, resulting in poor fluidity, the frictional resistance increases when the machine moves, and the cold start is often caused when the tractor is started, and even accidents such as burning of tiles and axle suspension occur. Therefore, in the winter, oils in oil pans, air compressors and hub bearings should be replaced with lubricants used in winter; gear oils in transmissions, transfer cases, differentials, and steering gears should be changed. Gear oil used in winter.
4, thoroughly clean the fuel tank. In order to ensure the purity of diesel oil and reduce freezing, it is also necessary to clean the fuel tank frequently. It is generally required to clean it once every 20 days. When cleaning, it cannot use a brush, and it can only be cleaned with gasoline or diesel oil. If the inside of the paper filter element is found to be deformed or worn, new parts should be replaced. The pressure regulator on the filter seat cannot be cleaned with gasoline, so as not to damage the sealing gasket of the pressure regulator valve. Conditions can be installed antifreeze fuel tank device, with oil tank insulation cover antifreeze, so that the tractor in the normal winter energy saving start and drive.
5. Add and replace antifreeze in time. Before using antifreeze, firstly remove the original antifreeze from the engine and then clean the waterway. It is best to fill the antifreeze specified by the manufacturer to prevent water rot. In addition, the amount of antifreeze should be added, and must not be ignored.
6, put the net cooling water. When the water is drained, the water release switch should be fully open (normally the engine has two discharge switches, one on the cylinder block and one on the outlet of the bottom of the radiator) and the radiator fill cover. After the water is drained, the engine can be started to run for a while. In order to drain the cooling water. In addition, the cooling system should be cleaned before entering the winter to prevent debris from clogging radiators and engine drain switches.
7 Regularly release the water in the fuel tank to strictly prevent the water from mixing into the diesel oil to prevent the diesel from freezing.
8. Properly increase the proportion of electrolyte in the battery, use the method of charging to keep the battery in a fully charged state, so that the battery will not lose too much capacitance due to low temperature and the battery shell will be frozen.