Key technologies for high quality and pollution-free rice production

1. Selection of production sites First of all, we must establish production bases in production areas that meet the air quality, irrigation water quality, and soil environmental quality indicators in environmental standards for pollution-free paddy fields (NY5116-2002). For the contaminated rice producing areas, corresponding purification methods and methods should be determined. Through comprehensive measures such as bio-engineering, chemical purification, and cleaning of irrigation water sources, cleansing, remediation, and comprehensive treatment can be implemented to meet the requirements of pollution-free rice production bases. 2. Selection of varieties According to the current status, the most available varieties available in the near future are: Zhongdan Late Rice, Xieyou 63, Japonica Rice 69 (91499), Japonica Rice 51 (87641), Dangyu 3, Yangdao 6,籼898, Huandao 24, Fengliangyou No. 1 and III You 98, Japonica Rice 34 (80 You 121), Japonica Rice 54 (88-93), Xiguang and Liuyou 1 21, Wuyujing 7, Wuyun No. 4 and so on. Double-season late rice, Indica rice 48 (70 Youshuang 9), Indica rice 28 (B9038), Indica rice 30 (88-23), Late rice stubble 97, Election night 2, Xieyou 64, Xieyou night 3. 3. Sowing Date Arrangement According to the practice of rice cultivation in our province, the best heading stage for high-quality rice is to focus on mid- and late-to-late rice to avoid high temperatures and should be arranged in mid-August (along Huai, Huaibei) - August. Late (in the river and south of the Yangtze River); the double-season rice is arranged on September 10-15 to prevent late low temperatures. Then determine the sowing and planting dates based on the eel, eel, breed, and growth period. 4, nurture strong cultivation technology strategy to promote early-onset fitness training. To this end, advanced techniques such as drought-raising seedlings should be adopted for raising eel, and nurtures that meet the standards of Yee Tong-Zeng (n-3) should be nurtured. To promote the early development of the cultivation, make full use of the paddy field at the base of the childbirth and early field tiller. For direct seeding cultivation, the seeding rate should also be reduced, and part of the early tillering should be used. Field management to prevent excessive seedlings, improve the spike rate (more than 80%), improve the ventilation and light conditions in the field, reduce sheath blight and other diseases and late lodging, especially in direct-seeded cultivation of rice. 5, reasonable close planting in a suitable density range, should not be dense dense. In the middle and single late rice, 667 square meters were planted with 1.4-1.8 million points, hybrid rice with 1-2 points per hole, and conventional rice with 3-4 grains. Double-season early and late rice, conventional varieties 2-2.3 million holes, 3-4 holes per hole, 1.8-2.0 million points of hybrid rice, 1-2 holes per hole. The arrangement method is to implement a wide line narrow line. Direct broadcast rice per 667 square meters sowing, conventional rice 3-4 kilograms, hybrid rice 2-2.5 kilograms. 6, balanced fertilization to promote soil testing and formulating fertilizer, organic fertilizer accounted for 30-50% of the total amount of fertilizer, nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (N: P2O5: K2O) is generally 1:0.5:1. Strictly control the amount of nitrogen applied and the total amount of fertilizer applied. The total amount of fertilization per 667 square meters of field is: 8-12 kg of pure nitrogen for early and late rice, 44-5 kg ​​of phosphorus (P2O5), 8-12 kg of potassium (K2O), and 1-2 kg of zinc sulfate. In terms of fertilization method, the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly composed of base fertilizer (50-70%), suitable for tillering fertilizer (20-30%) and panicle fertilizer (10-20%); all phosphorus fertilizers are used as base fertilizer; potassium fertilizer base, hydrazine 50% of fat. For clay loam soils with strong fertilizer retention capacity, a one-time full-layer fertilization method may also be used, that is, special compound fertilizers are applied once to the soil of the tillage layer in the whole field. Fertilizer use safety period of more than 15 days, safe drainage period of more than 7 days. It is forbidden to use unregistered chemical fertilizers, biological fertilizers, and organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers with excessive levels of heavy metals. The application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizers is prohibited. 7, rational irrigation to take shallow water - moist - the combination of drying, seedlings to send the old irrigation. During the transplanting period and returning to the green stage, the shallow water layer was maintained; the direct seeded rice had been treated with mild dew-seedling after seedling emergence, with no water on the surface, and shallow water after the four-leaf stage; shallow-wetting irrigation during the tillering stage; At the time of 80-90% of the panicle number, the fields were exposed and the fields were sun-dried, and light fields were used to control the ineffective delivery and to promote the roots to lower and strong stalks. After differentiation of panicles, water was poured and kept in shallow water layer until heading and flowering stage. Intermittent irrigation and dry-wet alternation were adopted during mature filling period. About 7 days before harvest, water should be cut off. Avoid water cutoff prematurely, especially for large panicle type. Early water shortage in the late period is the main reason for the decline in quality of rice. 8. Control pests and weeds adhere to the principle of “prevention as the mainstay and comprehensive prevention and control”. On the basis of comprehensive prevention and control of agriculture, biology, and physics, pest and disease prediction and prediction, strict and scientific use of pesticides, the use of biological pesticides and mineral-based pesticides are prioritized. When chemical agents must be used for prevention and control, strict compliance with the relevant provisions of NY5117-2002 “Technical Regulations for the Production of Pollution-free Food Rice” shall be used to select low-toxicity, low-residue, safe and efficient pesticides, and to strictly enforce their dosage and safety intervals. The safe drainage period for using pesticides is 5-7 days. 9. Timely Harvest When 90% of the rice grain is ripe yellow, it is suitable for harvesting. Premature and late will affect the appearance and processing quality. The method of take-off and take-off is to cut down-air-drying - it is better to use a barrel or a thresher to thresh or mechanize a combination to take off. Should not be cut after the stacking machine or machine, roller compaction threshing, prohibited on the road, asphalt pavement and dust pollution in places where serious off rice, drying, single income, take off, single drying, should not spread in the sun on the cement drying.