First, the boxworm. Major hazards include silk cotton, boxwood, Euonymus, eucalyptus, poplar, and willow. The larvae feed on leaves initially, then move to tender shoots, eventually causing the entire plant to die. This pest typically has one or two generations per year, with overwintering as adults hiding among leaves during the day and becoming active at night for mating and egg-laying. Eggs are laid in double rows or clusters on the underside of leaves, and hatch between 5:00 and 8:00 AM. Newly hatched larvae climb down into the soil. Adults are weak fliers but highly attracted to light.
Control methods include using light traps during adult emergence, manually removing adults from plants early in the morning, and spraying insecticides like 50% imidophos emulsion diluted 200 times, 50% phoxim emulsion diluted 500 times, or 25% carbaryl wettable powder diluted 300–500 times during the larval stage. Additionally, eggs and newly hatched larvae can be removed from nearby weeds, and winter plowing of the soil helps reduce overwintering populations.
Second, the moth. Species such as the yellow moth, brown green moth, and flat moth are common pests. They attack a variety of plants including hardwoods, poplars, willows, amaranth, acacia, cherry blossoms, red maples, waxberries, crape myrtles, sweet-scented osmanthus, and large-leaf boxwoods. These moths have two generations per year, with larvae overwintering in the soil. Adults are active at night, attracted to light, and lay eggs on the undersides of leaves in clusters. Newly hatched larvae do not feed immediately, but by the second instar, they begin feeding on leaf tissue. By the sixth instar, they cause significant damage by eating from the edges inward.
Control measures involve monitoring for clustered larvae, using light traps to kill adults, and applying insecticides like 20% diflubenzuron suspension diluted 10,000 times, 50% phoxim EC diluted 2000–3000 times, or 50% marathon EC diluted 1000 times before the third instar. Winter pruning, burning infested branches, and cultivating the soil can also help manage populations effectively.
Third, Lagerstroemia velvet. This pest mainly affects crape myrtle, pomegranate, and mulberry. Both adults and nymphs feed on buds, leaves, and branches, excreting honeydew that leads to blackened leaves, premature leaf drop, and reduced ornamental value. There are 2–3 generations per year, with nymphs overwintering in branch gaps. In April, mature nymphs emerge and mate, after which females lay eggs in May. Nymphs hatch in late May to early June, and the second generation appears in August. These pests are commonly found in crevices and depressions on stems and trunks, often more prevalent on shaded surfaces.
Control includes scraping off nymphs from trunks and branches with a brush or bamboo stick. Spraying with 25% iminophos diluted 600–800 times or 40% phosphorus-based EC diluted 1500–2000 times during nymph emergence is effective. Pruning and burning infested branches can also help reduce infestations.
Fourth, the green butterfly. This pest targets eucalyptus, laurel, cinnamon, avocado, citrus, and other similar plants. Newly hatched larvae first consume their eggshells, then feed on the backs of young leaves. By the third instar, they eat extensively, damaging young plants severely. The life cycle includes one or two generations per year, with larvae overwintering on host plants. Adults emerge in mid-April, are nocturnal, and feed on nectar. Eggs are laid singly on the tips of new leaves, and each female lays 18–34 eggs. Larvae grow rapidly, reaching peak feeding at the fifth instar, consuming up to five capsules per day. After maturing, they hide in foliage and pupate.
Control involves inspecting seedlings during the egg-laying period and removing eggs promptly. Early-stage larvae can be treated with 40% water-phosphorus EC diluted 1500 times. Combining this with winter management, such as removing overwintering insects, helps control populations effectively.
Fifth, Cyclovirobuxine powdery mildew. This disease primarily affects Euonymus japonicus, appearing as white, round spots on the upper surface of leaves. As lesions merge, they become irregular, and when the powdery layer is removed, yellow spots remain. Severe infections can lead to stunted growth, deformed leaves, and even 100% loss of new shoots. The pathogen overwinters in infected tissues, producing conidia in spring that spread through wind. High summer temperatures inhibit the disease, but spores multiply again in autumn. Dense, unpruned branches increase the risk of infection.
Prevention includes proper thinning to improve air circulation and reduce humidity. Chemical control involves spraying 20% triadimefon diluted 2000 times, 50% thiophanate, or 50% carbendazim diluted 500 times at the first sign of disease, repeating every 10 days for 4–5 applications.
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