Cauliflower harvested in late autumn and early winter for storage can significantly extend its availability and improve economic returns. Below are several effective storage methods that have been widely used by farmers.
1. **Trench Storage**: This method involves digging a trench that is 1 to 1.5 meters wide and 1 to 1.2 meters deep, with the length depending on the amount of cauliflower to be stored. A layer of loose soil about 15 to 20 cm thick is left at the bottom, and organic manure along with quick-acting fertilizer is added. The fertilizer quantity should match the size of the cauliflower, ensuring it meets the flower bulb's nutritional needs. Before or after light snowfall, the cauliflower is carefully harvested, sorted by size, and any yellow or old leaves from the base are removed. Handling must be gentle to avoid damage, which could lead to brown spots or rot during storage. Each plant is placed in the trench, and the gaps are filled with soil. After planting, water is applied but not enough to flood the bulbs. When temperatures drop, a layer of straw is first placed over the plants, followed by plastic film once it gets colder, and finally covered with grass. The temperature should be kept between 0°C and 5°C, as below freezing, frost damage may occur. If necessary, a night cover is used to protect against cold. In warmer conditions, ventilation is needed to cool down the area. This technique allows storage until after New Year’s Day.
2. **Yangshuo Storage Method**: Suitable for later-sown cauliflower or small flower bulbs that haven't fully developed before freezing, this method involves building a raised bed oriented east to west, 1.5 meters wide and 45 to 50 cm deep, sloping from south to north. Organic and quick-acting fertilizers are mixed into the soil, and the area is compacted. From late October to mid-November, before the first frost, the cauliflower is planted. Old outer leaves are removed, and remaining leaves are tied with a rope to prevent them from touching the flower head. Careful planting ensures minimal soil disturbance, and watering is done after planting. At night, grass is used to cover the bed, and when temperatures drop to -4°C to -5°C, a plastic film is added. During the day, the temperature should be around 15–20°C, and at night, 8–10°C, allowing the flower bulb to continue growing. Once the bulb is nearly mature, the temperature is gradually reduced to around 5°C, and the plastic film is removed. This method enables storage from New Year’s Day through the Spring Festival.
3. **Cellar Storage**: Before the harsh winter sets in, cut the cauliflower bulbs with 5–6 leaves and 3–5 cm stems, and place them in baskets or a semi-underground cellar. Stacking them in 3–5 layers or placing them on shelves is common. Care must be taken to avoid damaging the flower head during harvesting and placement. At the beginning of storage, proper ventilation is important to cool the environment. To prevent moisture loss, the basket can be loosely covered with a plastic sheet, but it should not be sealed. Checking the stored cauliflower 1–2 times during the period is recommended, and any moldy parts should be removed immediately. If the cellar maintains a temperature of 0–5°C and a humidity level of around 90%, the cauliflower can be stored for up to 40–45 days.
4. **Plastic Bag Storage**: Using non-toxic plastic film that is 0.03 mm thick, bags are made to hold 10–15 kg of cauliflower. Only 3–4 leaves are left on the mature flower head, which is then gently placed inside the bag. Several small holes are made in the bag to allow for air circulation. It is then placed in a cool room. If the room temperature is around 10°C, the cauliflower can be stored for 15–20 days. At 0–5°C, storage can last 40–50 days. For better results, each flower head can be individually wrapped in plastic film before being placed in the bag. This method ensures longer shelf life and reduces spoilage.
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